Dovas Zaunius (German: David Saunus; 1845–1921) was a Prussian Lithuanian cultural and political activist. He supported Lithuanian book smugglers and sheltered Lithuanian activist fleeing the Tsarist police. He was chairman of Birutė Society which organized Lithuanian cultural events and managed the budget of the Lithuanian newspaper Varpas from 1900 to 1905. In 1890, Zaunius co-founded the first of the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies that sought to elect Prussian Lithuanians to the German Reichstag and Prussian Landtag. Zaunius unsuccessfully ran in the Reichstag elections three times.
Dovas Zaunius | |
|---|---|
 Zauniai family, 1900 First row: Marė, Augustė; second: Berta, Elzė (mother), Dovas (son), Dovas (father), Ema; third row: Ana, Endrius, Marta, Hermanis[1] | |
| Born | 26 January 1845 |
| Died | 25 June 1921 (aged 76) Rokaiten, Weimar Republic |
| Nationality | Prussian Lithuanian |
| Occupation | Farmer |
| Known for | Political and cultural activism |
| Political party | Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies |
| Board member of | Birutė Society |
| Children | Dovas Zaunius Marta Zauniūtė and seven more |
Biography
editBook smuggling
editZaunius received only primary education[4] and earned a living off his 37 hectares (91 acres) farm in Rokaiten.[a][5] He supported publication of Lithuanian books and their smuggling across the Prussian–Russian border.[4] Lithuanian-language books printed in the Latin alphabet were banned in Lithuania which was then part of the Russian Empire (see the Lithuanian press ban).
His farm welcomed various Lithuanian activists who were persecuted by the Tsarist authorities for violations of the ban or other political activities,[4] including Vincas Kapsukas, Juozas Bagdonas,[6] and Petras Mikolainis.[7] Linguist Georg Sauerwein lived on the farm for a year and composed the poem Lietuvininkai we are born.[1]
Cultural activities
editBetween 1887 and 1903, Zaunius was elected as chairman of the Birutė Society several times. However, his tenure marked periods of low activity and the society came close to being liquidated in 1903.[8] In 1900, Zaunius and his daughter Morta Zauniūtė were entrusted with managing the budget for the Lithuanian exposition at the world's fair in Paris.[9]
He managed the budget of the Lithuanian newspaper Varpas from 1900 to 1905.[4] Zaunius also organized a library at his farm. It sought to collect all Lithuanian publications. Some of this collection was donated to the Lithuanian Scientific Society in Vilnius, the rest was lost during World War II.[4]
Political activities
editIn 1890, together with Martynas Jankus, Jonas Smalakys, and others, Zaunius established the first of the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies.[4] The goal of such societies was to elect Prussian Lithuanians to the German Reichstag and Prussian Landtag. When the society broke up based on the electoral districts, Zaunius chaired the Tilsit–Elchniederung section.[5] He unsuccessfully ran in the Reichstag elections three times.[10] In 1892 and 1900, he was involved with the collection of signatures for petitions to the Prussian Ministers of Education asking to leave the Lithuanian language in primary schools.[11]
Family
editDovas Zaunius and Elzė Zaunienė had nine children (three sons (Andrius, Dovas (junior), Hermanis) and six daughters (Anna, Marė, Marta, Berta, Ema, Augustė), all of which received good education:[1]
- Youngest son Dovas Zaunius (1892–1940) was a diplomat and Lithuanian Minister of Foreign Affairs (1929–1934)
- Daughter Augustė Zauniūtė (1890–1950) was one of the first women medical doctors and had a practice in Memel (Klaipėda)[12]
- Daughter Marta Zauniūtė (1875–1945) dedicated her life to the Lithuanian press, and helped Lithuanian book smugglers
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Bagdonavičius, Vaclovas; et al., eds. (2009). "Zauniai". Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 4. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. p. 818. ISBN 978-5-420-01470-7.
- ^ Lazdynas, Rimantas. "Rokaičiai". Enciklopedija Lietuvai ir pasauliui (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ Rokaiten, Meyers Gazetteer; click the map to see the old map
- ^ a b c d e f Kaunas, Domas; Kšanienė, Daiva (2009). "Zaunius, Dovas". In Bagdonavičius, Vaclovas; et al. (eds.). Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 4. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 818–819. ISBN 978-5-420-01470-7.
- ^ a b Kaukas, Kostas (1 March 2007). "Nudžiūvusį kamieną gaivinančios atžalos" (in Lithuanian). Klaipėda. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ Kaluškevičius, Benjaminas; Žemaitytė-Narkevičienė, Ona (1998). "Knygnešė Morta Zauniūtė". Šimtas knygnešių (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos knygnešio draugija.
- ^ Kolevinskienė, Žydronė (2012). "Moteriškoji knygnešystės linija: Petro Mikolainio laiškai Mortai Zauniūtei". Žmogus ir žodis (in Lithuanian). 2: 59. ISSN 1392-8600.
- ^ Bagdonavičius, Vaclovas (2000). "Birutė". In Bagdonavičius, Vaclovas; et al. (eds.). Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 177–179. ISBN 5-420-01471-8.
- ^ Čiplytė, Joana Viga (19 January 2015). "Lietuva pasaulinėje Paryžiaus parodoje 1900 m." (in Lithuanian). Respublika. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ Gaigalaitė, Aldona (2017-04-12). "Ministras iš šaunios Zaunių šeimos" (in Lithuanian). Panevėžio miesto savivaldybės viešoji biblioteka. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
- ^ Narbutas, Martynas (1970–1978). "Zaunius, Dovas". In Sužiedėlis, Simas (ed.). Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. VI. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. p. 301. LCCN 74-114275.
- ^ Bagdonavičius, Vaclovas; et al., eds. (2009). "Zauniūtė, Augustė". Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 4. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. p. 820. ISBN 978-5-420-01470-7.