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Неcпрощувана складність — це аргумент, згідно з яким певні біологічні системи з декількома взаємодіючими частинами не функціонували б, якби одну з частин було видалено, тому нібито не могли еволюціонувати шляхом послідовних невеликих модифікацій попередніх менш складних систем через природний добір, який потребував, аби всі проміжні системи-попередники були повністю функціональними.[1]
Майкл Біхі у своїй книзі "Чорний ящик Дарвіна" 1996 року визначив неспрощувану складність у природному доборі з точки зору добре підібраних частин:
... єдина система, що складається з декількох добре підібраних, взаємодіючих частин, які сприяють виконанню основної функції, в якій видалення будь-якої з частин призводить до того, що система фактично припиняє функціонувати.[2]
Друге визначення, дане Біхі у 2000 році ("еволюційне визначення"), звучить наступним чином:
Неспрощувано складний еволюційний шлях - це шлях, який містить один або більше невідібраних кроків (тобто одну або більше необхідних, але невідібраних мутацій). Ступінь неспрощуваної складності - це кількість невідібраних кроків на шляху.[3]
- ^ Behe, M.J. (2006). Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution. Touchstone book (2 ed.). Free Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-684-82754-4. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
By irreducibly complex I mean a single system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning. An irreducibly complex system cannot be produced directly (that is, by continuously improving the initial function, which continues to work by the same mechanism) by slight, successive modifications of a precursor system, because any precursor to an irreducibly complex system that is missing a part is by definition nonfunctional. An irreducibly complex biological system, if there is such a thing, would be a powerful challenge to Darwinian evolution. Since natural selection can only choose systems that are already working, then if a biological system cannot be produced gradually it would have to arise as an integrated unit, in one fell swoop, for natural selection to have anything to act on.
(originally published 1996). - ^ Behe, M.J. (2006). Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution. Touchstone book (2 ed.). Free Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-684-82754-4. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
By irreducibly complex I mean a single system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning. An irreducibly complex system cannot be produced directly (that is, by continuously improving the initial function, which continues to work by the same mechanism) by slight, successive modifications of a precursor system, because any precursor to an irreducibly complex system that is missing a part is by definition nonfunctional. An irreducibly complex biological system, if there is such a thing, would be a powerful challenge to Darwinian evolution. Since natural selection can only choose systems that are already working, then if a biological system cannot be produced gradually it would have to arise as an integrated unit, in one fell swoop, for natural selection to have anything to act on.
Behe, M.J. (2006). Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution. Touchstone book (2 ed.). Free Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-684-82754-4. Retrieved 16 July 2023.By irreducibly complex I mean a single system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning. An irreducibly complex system cannot be produced directly (that is, by continuously improving the initial function, which continues to work by the same mechanism) by slight, successive modifications of a precursor system, because any precursor to an irreducibly complex system that is missing a part is by definition nonfunctional. An irreducibly complex biological system, if there is such a thing, would be a powerful challenge to Darwinian evolution. Since natural selection can only choose systems that are already working, then if a biological system cannot be produced gradually it would have to arise as an integrated unit, in one fell swoop, for natural selection to have anything to act on.
(originally published 1996). - ^ In Defense of the Irreducibility of the Blood Clotting Cascade: Response to Russell Doolittle, Ken Miller and Keith Robison, July 31, 2000, Discovery Institute article Archived 2015-09-06 at the Wayback Machine