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Digital Geographies is an subfield within human geography that examines the role of digital technologies in shaping spatial phenomena, from the production of digital spaces to the impacts of digital infrastructures on physical and social geographies. As digital tools and platforms have permeated nearly every aspect of society, digital geography has emerged as a critical area of study that addresses both the opportunities and challenges posed by these technologies. The "digital turn" in geography, an era marked by the adoption of digital methods and the analysis of digital impacts, has reframed many traditional geographic questions and opened new avenues for research.[1][2]
Digital geography is informed by various theoretical frameworks, including feminist critiques of scientific objectivity, political economy perspectives, and critical GIS. Feminist digital geographers challenge traditional GIS for its masculinist epistemology, promoting approaches that emphasize inclusive, reflexive, and situated knowledge.[3] Political economy perspectives focus on the influence of corporate interests and neoliberal agendas on digital infrastructures, particularly in urban governance and surveillance. Critical digital geographers argue that digital technologies can both reinforce and resist existing power structures.
History
editDigital geography began to take shape in the 1980s and 1990s with the rise of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and spatial data analysis, which enabled new ways of visualizing and analyzing geographic information. This phase evolved through the 2000s with the proliferation of internet access, mobile technologies, and social media, allowing geographers to explore digital spaces and their impacts on place and human interaction.
In 2018, geographers James Ash, Rob Kitchin, and Agnieszka Leszczynski outlined a framework for digital geography that organizes the field into three core dimensions: geographies produced through the digital, geographies produced by the digital, and geographies of the digital[1][2]. This framework has contributed to the formalization of digital geography as a distinct subfield, emphasizing its critical approach to studying the intersection of the digital and geography.
The digital turn is characterized by an integration of these technologies into both the practice and study of geography, fostering collaborations across disciplines like computer science, sociology, and media studies.[4] This shift has prompted geographers to critically evaluate the role of digital tools not only as research aids but also as influential factors in spatial processes and everyday experiences.
Topics in Digital Geographies
editCore Topics in Digital Geography
editDigital geography explores several primary themes related to how digital technologies shape and are shaped by spatial relationships and social dynamics:
- Spatial impacts of digital infrastructures: Examining how infrastructures such as internet access, GPS, and cellular networks affect spatial experiences, access, and connectivity.
- Digital representation of spaces and places: Investigating how digital maps, geotagged data, and location-based services transform how spaces are visualized, understood, and navigated.
- Digital divides and inequalities: Analyzing disparities in digital access and skills across regions, socioeconomic groups, and demographics, and how these digital divides shape social and economic opportunities.[5]
- Digital subjectivity and identity: Studying how digital platforms impact personal identity, representation, and community building, often intersecting with topics in feminist and queer theory[3].
Research Topics Bridging Digital Geography and Other Subfields
editResearch in other geographic areas, such as urban geography and environmental geography, intersects with digital geography:
- Urban digitalization and smart cities: Exploring the role of digital technologies in urban planning, governance, and citizen engagement, including challenges related to privacy and surveillance.[6]
- Environmental monitoring and digital sensing: Using digital technologies like remote sensing and biosensors to monitor environmental changes and human response.
- Digital labor and spatial economies: Examining how digital platforms transform work, including gig economies, remote work, and location-based labor opportunities[5].
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Ash, James; Kitchin, Rob; Leszczynski, Agnieszka (2018). "Digital turn, digital geographies?" (PDF). Progress in Human Geography. 42 (1): 25–43. doi:10.1177/0309132516664800.
- ^ a b Ash, James; Kitchin, Rob; Leszczynski, Agnieszka (2018). Digital Geographies (1st ed.). SAGE. ISBN 978-1526447296.
- ^ a b Elwood, Sarah; Leszczynski, Agnieszka (2018). "Feminist digital geographies". Gender, Place & Culture. 25 (5): 629–644. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2018.1465396.
- ^ Osborne, Tess; Jones, Phil (2023). A Research Agenda for Digital Geographies (1st ed.). Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781802200607.
- ^ a b Graham, Mark (2019). Digital Economies at Global Margins Cambridge. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262535892.
- ^ Rose, Gillian (2022). Seeing The City Digitally: Processing urban space and time (1st ed.). Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-485-5192-7.
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