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Rajadewi Maharajasa (d. ca. 1371-1376), known as Dyah Wiyat, was a princess of Majapahit. She was a daughter of Kertarajasa Jayawardhana and a younger sister of Tribhuwana.
| Rajadewi Maharajasa | |
|---|---|
| Bhre Daha | |
| 2nd Princess of Daha | |
| Reign | 1309 - ca. 1371-1376 |
| Predecessor | Jayanagara |
| Successor | Rajasaduhitendudewi |
| Died | ca. 1371-1376 |
| Burial | Purwawisesa, Adilangu |
| Spouse | Wijayarajasa |
| Issue | Rajasaduhitendudewi |
| House | Rajasa |
| Father | Kertarajasa Jayawardhana |
| Mother | Rajapatni Dyah Gayatri |
Early life
editThe name Dyah Wiyat was never mentioned in any primary historical records, yet, in cultural narratives, she was most likely associated as the younger offspring of Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, founder of Majapahit by his chief consort, Dyah Gayatri. [1] Additionally, her elder sister was renowned by the name Dyah Gitarja, but the Geneng II inscription stated that her first name was Dyah Tya. She had a half-brother, Jayanagara, whose biological mother was believed to be a princess of Dharmasraya. Later, he was appointed as yuwaraja in Daha (present-day Kediri) by the year 1295, as stated in Sukamerta inscription (1296). Her elder sister gained the title of the Princess of Kahuripan.
Following the death of King Kertarajasa in 1309, Jayanagara ascended the throne as his only legitimate son. She was installed as the Princess of Daha to succeed Jayanagara. The new king desired his two half-sisters, they were not allowed to marry anyone, instead, he intended to marry them himself. In 1321, Arya Tilam, the patih or prime minister of Daha died and was followed in office by Gajah Mada, previously prime minister of Kahuripan.
One day, Tanca, an attendant intended either to report something or was summoned by the king, nevertheless, he told Gajah Mada. He approached the king's bedchamber. Tanca stabbed the king, but the first strike was not fatal. In the second attempt, Tanca successfully stabbed and killed Jayanagara in his chamber. As a result, he was killed by Gajah Mada. The murder of Jayanagara was thought to be linked to Gajah Mada, and there was a possibility that he was involved in it.
Marriage and political influence
editA contest looking for a husband for the two princesses was held after the burial of Jayanagara in 1328. Raden Cakradhara won the contest for the Princess of Kahuripan and Raden Kudamerta was the winner for the Princess of Daha according to Pararaton.
In the same year, the Princess of Kahuripan ascended the throne as Queen regnant Tribhuwannottunggadewi Jayawishnuwardhani alongside the prince consort of whom now formally addressed as Kertawardhana, Prince of Tumapel. [2] The queen's younger sister, Rajadewi Maharajasa contributed to strengthening the authority of the Majapahit. Kudamerta was styled as the Prince of Wengker, with the royal name Wijayarajasa. In 1334, Gajah Mada, the Patih of Daha, was appointed as the Mahapatih of Majapahit after the previous holder, Arya Tadah, was elderly and had intended to step down for several years prior, especially after the passing of Jayanagara.
In Nagarakretagama written by Prapanca, she was likened to Saci with her husband being compared to Indra. They had a daughter named Rajasaduhitendudewi. [3] In Krom viewed, meaning "the illustrious Rajasa's daughter, Indudewi". The word Rajasa indicated a daughter of (Wijaya)rajasa with the word Indudewi meaning moon goddess. She was bestowed the princely coastal state of Lasem and wed Rajasawardhana, Prince of Matahun whose personal name was Raden Larang as Pararaton told. Wijayarajasa, by another wife also had a beautiful daughter named Sudewi or Paduka Sori who would marry Rajadewi's nephew, Dyah Hayam Wuruk.
Upon the death of Gayatri in 1350, Tribhuwana abdicated and once again became the Princess of Kahuripan. Hayam Wuruk ascended the throne by the regnal name Sri Rajasanagara Jayawishnuwardhana. Due to the king's young age, a council was led by the former Queen Tribhuwana, hoping to be his advisor. It was mentioned as Bhatara Saptaprabhu "the Seven Royalties" in Gajah Mada inscription (1351) or Pahom Narendra in Nagarakretagama. Seven senior members of the royal family were included, among them were the Princess of Daha, her husband, daughter, and son-in-law. [4] In the forthcoming, the council may not consist of seven members at all times but instead changed based on the number of the king's close relatives.
In 1357, members of Pahom Narendra, especially Kertawardhana and Wijayarajasa, along with the prime minister Gajah Mada having great contribution to the outbreak of Battle of Bubat which causing the death of the king's fiancee, Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi. Later, the king took his aunt's stepdaughter as the queen consort.
They were also the primary suspects responsible for the three-year absence of a prime minister following the death of Gajah Mada in 1364. Their members accompanied King Rajasanagara on various events and journeys.
Death and aftermath
editThere's no clear information on the exact date of her death, however, she must die after the appointment of Gajah Enggon as patih in 1371. Her death was followed by her older sister, the Princess of Kahuripan, before 1376. The Princess of Daha was enshrined in Adilangu and consecrated at the mount of Purwawisesa. The next Princess of Daha was more likely inherited by her daughter, Rajasaduhitendudewi.
After the death of the two most respected senior members of the royal family, Majapahit started to split into two realms. [5] A report from China dating back to 1377 describes a Javanese embassy, noting that at this time, there were two kings: one governing the western court and the other the eastern. The western king was called Wu-lao-po-wu, a name associated with Bhra Prabhu, or Bhatara Prabhu, a title linked to the reigning ruler of Majapahit, King Rajasanagara. The eastern king was Wu-yuan-lao-wang-chieh, the name stands for Bhre Wengker, the Prince of Wengker, indicating that the eastern ruler in 1377 was Wijayarajasa, who held the princely state of Wengker and was the uncle of the reigning king as well as the husband of the late Princess of Daha. The conflict continued into the next generation, culminating in the Regreg war in 1404-1406 that severely weakened Majapahit.
Ancestry
edit| Narasinghamurti | |||||||||||||||
| Dyah Lembu Tal | |||||||||||||||
| Kertarajasa Jayawardhana King of Majapahit | |||||||||||||||
| Rajadewi Maharajasa Princess of Daha | |||||||||||||||
| Wisnuwardhana King of Singhasari | |||||||||||||||
| Kertanegara King of Singhasari | |||||||||||||||
| Jayawardhani | |||||||||||||||
| Dyah Gayatri | |||||||||||||||
| Bajradewi | |||||||||||||||
In literature
editNagarakretagama
Muwah ibu haji saɳ narendranuja de hajiɳ jiwana, prakaçita haji rajadewi maharajasanindita, sira ta siniwi riɳ daha nopameɳ pariɳ sadguna, samasa kalawan hajiɳ jiwana Iwir sudewyapalih.
Narapati ri daha nrpati ri wenker umungwi wugat, nrpati ri jiwane wuri sabharttr sabhrtya tumut, makapamkas/ ratha nrpati kirnna sapanta pnuh, piran iwu khapwa sayuda tikaɳ bhata mantry aniriɳ
Pararaton
Kuneng putranira bhatra Çiwabuddha stri kalih siki, kang cinayaken ing wong Tatar, ingalap kalih denira raden Wijaya, sira sang atuha añjeneng ring Kahuripan, sira sang anom añjenen ging Daha.
Samangka raden Cakradhara kalaping swayambara pinakalakinira bhreng Kahuripan. Raden Kuda merta angambil bhreng Daha.
Sira Gajah enggon apatih i çaka gunasanga-paksaning-wong, 1293. Bhre Daha mokta, dhinarmeng Adilangu, dharmabhiseka ring adri PurwawiçeSa. Bhre Kahuripan mokta dhinarmeng Panggih dharmabhiseka ring giri Pantarapurwa. Tumuli hana gunung añar i çaka naga-leng-karnaning-wong, 1298.
In popular culture
edit- Portrayed by Fiscarina in Tutur Tinular (TV series).
- Portrayed in a triangle love in the fictional novel "Kemelut di Majapahit" by S.H. Mintardja.
References
edit- ^ ASISI Channel (2022-02-25). Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Luas Majapahit & Rahasia Menyatukan Nusantara. Retrieved 2024-12-02 – via YouTube.
- ^ Munandar, Agus Aris (2015). "Kedudukan dan Peran Perempuan dalam Masa Jawa Kuno: Era Majapahit". Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara. 6 (1): 1–18. doi:10.37014/jumantara.v6i1.307. ISSN 2685-7391.
- ^ Noorduyn, J. (1968). "The Names of Hayam Wuruk's Sisters". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 124 (4): 542–544. doi:10.1163/22134379-90002867. ISSN 0006-2294. JSTOR 27860983.
- ^ "Pahöm Narēndra: Permufakatan Para Bhre Penguasa Daerah Inti Majapahit yang Sekaligus Sebagai Penasihat Maharaja". ULLEN SENTALU. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Noorduyn, J. (1975). "The Eastern Kings in Majapahit: With an Appendix by Brian E. Colless". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 131 (4): 479–487. doi:10.1163/22134379-90002662. ISSN 0006-2294. JSTOR 27863010.