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The Habar Makador, also known as Habar Makdoor, Habar Makadour, or Habar Maqdi,[1][2] are a subsection of the Gadabursi clan family.[3] They reside primarily in three countries: Djibouti, Somalia, and Ethiopia.[4][5]
Distribution
editThe Habar Makador peoples have historically lived in and around Zeila, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden. The Habar Makador subclan is primarily found in:
- Djibouti: They form a significant portion of the Somali population in Djibouti.[6]
- Somalia: They inhabit the northwestern region, particularly in the Awdal region, and in the Gabiley District within Waqooyi Galbeed.[7][8]
- Ethiopia: In Ethiopia, they are predominantly found in the Somali region, Harar, and Dire Dawa.[9] The Habar Makador clan historically lived in Harar and its surrounding areas. The Gadabursi controlled trade routes up to Zeila and had connections with the emirs of Harar.[10]
History
editThe Habar Makador have a rich history, they have been significant players in regional politics and conflicts in the Horn of Africa.
Role in the Adal Sultanate:
edit
The Habar Makador have played a crucial role in the Adal Sultanate, a medieval Muslim state in the Horn of Africa. The Gadabursi, including the Habar Makador, were integral to the confederation that fought against the Ethiopian Empire, particularly during the Conquest of Abyssinia. This campaign was led by Imam Ahmed Gurey also known as Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi.[11]
The Futuh Al-Habasha describes their participation in several battles and their significant contributions to the military campaigns of Ahmed Gurey. They were among the first clans to join the battle and were known for their large armies and loyalty to Imam Ahmed Gurey.[12]
The Conquest of Abyssinia
editThe Habar Makador clan played a prominent role in the Adal-Abyssinian War. They were known for their large and well-equipped armies. Their strategic location and involvement in various battles have been noted as a crucial part of the campaign, especially their interactions with Imam Ahmed Gurey.[13]
The Habar Makador were known as skilled patrolmen who controlled the route to Berbera, during the Conquest of Abyssinia.[14]
Ahmed Gurey
editThe Habar Makador of the Gadabursi, consider the Imam Ahmed Gurey of the Adal Sultanate, as their kinsman from the Awdal region.[15][15] Born in Zeila, the Habar Makador claim Imam Ahmed Gurey as from Abrayn, Mahad Case, Makador.[16][17][18]
Genealogy
editThe genealogy of the Habar Makador traces back to Sheikh Samaroon.[19][20]
Prominent figures from the Habar Makador, including Husain Musa Bin 'Abd Allah Makida/Makador. This lineage highlights the historical significance and continuity of the subclan within the Gadabursi family in the Adal sultanate.[21][22]
Sub Clans
editThe Habar Makador are divided into two sub clans Makahiil and Mahad 'Ase, shown below:
MakahiI
edit- 'Eli
- 'Iye
- 'Abdalle (Bahabar 'Abdalle)
- Hassan (Bahabar Hassan)
- Muse
- Younis
Further divisions of the Makahiil are shown within the Muse and Younis subclans.
Muse
edit- Makail Dera (Makayl-Dheere)
- Af Gudud (Gibril Muse)
- Bah Sanayo
Younis (Reer Yoonis)
edit- 'Ali Younis
- Jibril Younis (Jibriil Yoonis)
- Adan Younis (Aadan Yoonis)
- Nur Younis (Reer Nuur)
Mahad 'Ase
edit- Bahabar Abokor
- Bahabar Muse
- Habr Musa
- Bahabar Aden
- Bababar 'Eli
- Reer Mohamed
- Abrahim (Abrayn), also known as the sub clan of Ahmed Gurey
References
edit- ^ Ferrand, Gabriel (1903). Les Çomâlis (in French). E. Leroux.
- ^ Ross, Sir Edward Denison (1928). An Index to the Arabic History of Gujarat: Ẓafar Al-wālih Bi-Muẓaffar Wa-ālih by Abdalláh Muhammad Bin ʻOmar Al-Makkʹi, Al-ʹAṣafʹi, Ulughkhʹnʹi ... : Being a List of Persons and Places Connected with the History of the Muslims in India Down to the Beginnning of the Seventeenth Century. J. Murray for the Government of India.
- ^ Chatelier, Alfred Le (1903). Matériaux d'études sur les pays musulmans (in French). E. Leroux.
- ^ Britain), Royal Geographical Society (Great (1885). Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. Edward Stanford.
- ^ Yakan, Mohamad (2017-11-30). Almanac of African Peoples and Nations. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-28930-6.
- ^ Imbert-Vier, Simon (2011). Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles (in French). KARTHALA Editions. ISBN 978-2-8111-0506-8.
- ^ Afrika Spectrum. Deutsches Institut für Afrika-Forschung. 2008.
- ^ Canada, Immigration and Refugee Board of (1994-05-12). "Information on the situation of Gadabursi clan members in Gebileh in, north west of Somaliland [SOM17272.E]". www.ecoi.net. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ Slikkerveer, Leendert Jan (2013-10-28). Plural Medical Systems In The Horn Of Africa: The Legacy Of Sheikh Hippocrates. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-14330-4.
- ^ The Asiatic Review. Westminster Chamber. 1935.
- ^ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6604-1.
- ^ ʻArabfaqīh, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir; Pankhurst, Richard (2003). The Conquest of Abyssinia: 16th Century. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-0-9723172-6-9.
- ^ Ulughkhānī, ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar; Ross, Sir Edward Denison (1928). ظفر الواله بمظفر وآله: Zafar Ul-wálih Bi Muzaffar Wa Ālih (in Arabic). J. Murray.
- ^ ألغخاني, حجي الدبير، عبد الله المكي الآصفي (1997). ظفر الواله بمظفر وآله في تاريخ كجرات. المجلد 3 (in Arabic). Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University.
- ^ a b Peacock, A. C. S. (2017-03-08). Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-1714-3.
- ^ Tasci, Ufuk Necat. "Ahmad Gurey: A Somali Muslim ruler who repelled Portuguese invasions". Ahmad Gurey: A Somali Muslim ruler who repelled Portuguese invasions. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ Horn of Africa Conflict. The Ministry. 1982.
- ^ Uhlig, Siegbert (2003). Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C. Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-04746-3.
- ^ "Abtirsi.com : Mohamud (Samaron) Saeid Daud ( Gadabursi )". www.abtirsi.com. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ Lewis, I. M. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-56902-105-7.
- ^ "The Habar Makador of the Gadabuursi of the Conquest of Abyssinia: Futuh Al Habasha". Samaroon - Gadabuursi. 2016-10-27. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ Nuova antologia di scienze, lettere ed arti (in Italian). Direzione della Nuova Antologia. 1890.