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The New Caledonian thorny seahorse (Hippocampus curvicuscpis) is a small marine fish in the family Syngnathidae, native to the Indo-Pacific area. This species was found in 2004[1], by Ronald Fricke, in the Chesterfield Islands of New Caledonia, where it appears to be endemic living in seagrass beds in depths of more than 6 meters. However as of 2016, in A global revision of the seahorses taxonomy (Lourie, S.A, et al.)[2], researchers deem this species is a synonym of the more prevalent Hippocampus histrix.
Eleven specimens were used to support the finding of a new species (curvicuspis) in 2004. However, the primary researcher of the 2016 species revision (Lourie) previsouly assessed the specimens and did not find the cited morphological distinctions that differentiated the species from H. histrix in 5 of the 11. Therefore, in the latest revision of taxonomy of seahorses, information on curvicuspis is linked with that of H. histrix.
Etymology
It's name is derived from Latin curvus (meaning curved) and cuspis (meaning spine) as the species is covered with curved spines, resembling thorns.
Description by Fricke, 2004[3]
Considered a large spiny seahorse a female species is recorded at 106.5mm in length, with 11 trunk rings and between 35-37 tail rings. It has a large head, measuring 71% of body length and a nout of approximately 57% of head legnth, more than 1.5 time post orbital bone length. The pectoral fin has 17-18 rays; Dorsal fin base of 2 trunk and 1 tail rings, with 17 dorsal fin rays.
Nose spine is moderately large, approximately equal to pupil diameter. Double spine above the eyes, shorter than eye diameter. Single large spine behind the eye, and a single curved spine below the eye. Single lateral head spine; raised coronet with 4 large spines. Restricted gill openings near the neck ridge, not close together. The nape spine is large and curved toward the coronet. Coronet is raised with 2 large sines on each side, 4 in total. The rings around the shoulders are not confluent, and do not form a continuous collar over the neck ridge; there are 3 large spines on the shoulder ring, upper spine opposite the 1st pectoral fin ray, central at the 11th pectoral fin ray, and lower spine is at the ventral extent of the shoulder ring. Neck ridge has large double spine, and neck has 1 large spine.
Superior trunk ridge is lined with large curved spines at 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th rings, shorter spines on the other rings. Inferior trunk ridge with smaller curved spines on all but first and second rings. Ventral trunk spines are broad and blunt, on rings 6-10. Superior tail ridge spines decrease in length posteriorly, with large spines on rings 1,3,5,7,9,10,12, and 14; smaller spines emerge from 2,4,6,8,11,13, and 15-20. No lateral line is detected.
The head and body are brown with yellow spines, the snout brown with yellow vertical stripes. Eyes are silvery, with a vertical black streak from pupil to supraorbital spine.
References
editFricke, R. (2004) Review of the pipefishes and seahorses (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of five new species. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, 668, 66 pp.
Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66.
- ^ Fricke, R. (2004) Review of the pipefishes and seahorses (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of five new species. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, 668, 66 pp.
- ^ Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66.
- ^ Fricke, R. (2004) Review of the pipefishes and seahorses (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) of New Caledonia, with descriptions of five new species. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, 668, 66 pp.