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The "Jha" Brahmins, who are also known as Maithil Brahmins, are found primarily in the Mithila region of Bihar, Nepal and santhal pargana of Jharkhand.

The surname "Jha" is a shortened form of the original title "Upadhyay."

The evolution of the Jha surname can be traced as follows:

- Upadhyay > Uvajjha (in the Pali or Prakrit language)

- Uvajjha > Ojha

- Ojha > Jha

So the "Jha" Brahmins are a regional subgroup of Brahmins who trace their lineage to the Upadhyay Brahmins of the Mithila region. They are known for their expertise in Vedic rituals, astrology, and preserving Hindu religious and cultural traditions.

Over the centuries, Jha (or Maithil) Brahmins have played significant roles as priests, scholars, teachers, and administrators in the Mithila region. They have contributed extensively to the preservation and dissemination of Sanskrit texts, philosophical teachings, and cultural practices unique to the Mithila tradition.

The history and social status of Jha Brahmins, like other Brahmin communities in India, has evolved over time due to various social, economic, and political factors. However, they continue to be regarded as an important part of the Brahmin community, particularly in the Mithila region.

In the Indian caste system, Jha is generally considered a surname associated with the Brahmin community, which is considered an upper caste. Brahmins are traditionally regarded as the highest varna (social class) in the Hindu social hierarchy.

In the context of the Maithil Brahmin community, Jha is a common surname and is considered an upper-caste surname. Maithil Brahmins are a subgroup of Brahmins and are considered to be among the highest castes in the region.

However, it's important to note that:

1. Caste is a complex and nuanced aspect of Indian society, and classifications can vary across regions and communities.

2. Not all individuals with the Jha surname are necessarily Brahmins or upper-caste; there may be individuals with this surname from other castes or communities.

3. The concept of "upper caste" is often associated with social and economic privilege, but it's essential to recognize that caste-based discrimination and inequalities exist and affect many individuals and communities.

In summary, in the context of the Maithil Brahmin community, Jha is considered an upper-caste surname. However, it's crucial to approach this topic with sensitivity and awareness of the complexities and variations within the Indian caste system.

References

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Maithil Brahmin

https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3