Wikipedia

Draft:Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (abbreviated "LGBTQ") form a unique community, culture, and history.

Abbreviation

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This section is an excerpt from LGBTQ.[edit]
 
A six-band rainbow flag representing the LGBTQ community

LGBTQ (also commonly seen as LGBT,[1][2] LGBT+,[3] LGBTQ+,[4] and LGBTQIA+[5]) is an initialism for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning.[6][7] It is an umbrella term, broadly referring to all sexualities, romantic orientations, and gender identities which are not heterosexual or cisgender.[8][9][10][11]

In the 1990s, gay, lesbian, and bisexual activists adopted the term LGB, supplanting narrower terms such as "gay or lesbian". Terminology eventually shifted to LGBT, as transgender people became more accepted within the movement. Around that time, some activists began to reclaim the term queer, seeing it as a more radical and inclusive umbrella term, though others reject it, due to its history as a pejorative.[12][13][14] In recognition of this, the 2010s saw the adoption of LGBTQ, and other more inclusive variants.[15][16]

Some versions of the term, such as LGBT+ and LGBTQ+ add a plus sign, to represent additional identities not captured within the acronym.[17][18] Many further variants exist which add additional identities, such as LGBTQIA+ (for intersex, asexual, aromantic, and agender)[19] and 2SLGBTQ+ (for two-spirit), LGBTQQ (for queer and questioning),[20] or which order the letters differently, as in GLBT and GLBTQ.[21][22]

The collective of all LGBTQ people is often called the LGBTQ community. These labels are not universally agreed upon by everyone that they are intended to include.[23] For example, some intersex people prefer to be included in this grouping, while others do not.[24][25] Various alternative umbrella terms exist across various cultures, including queer, same gender loving (SGL), Gender, Sexual and Romantic Minorities (GSRM).

Community

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This section is an excerpt from LGBTQ community.[edit]
 
Greenwich Village, a gay neighborhood in Manhattan, is home to the Stonewall Inn, shown here adorned with rainbow pride flags.[26][27][28]

The LGBTQ community (also known as the LGBT, LGBTQ+, LGBTQIA+, or queer community) is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning individuals united by a common culture and social movements. These communities generally celebrate pride, diversity, individuality, and sexuality. LGBTQ activists and sociologists see LGBTQ community-building as a counterweight to heterosexism, homophobia, biphobia, transphobia, sexualism, and conformist pressures that exist in the larger society. The term pride or sometimes gay pride expresses the LGBTQ community's identity and collective strength; pride parades provide both a prime example of the use and a demonstration of the general meaning of the term. The LGBTQ community is diverse in political affiliation. Not all people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender consider themselves part of the LGBTQ community.

Groups that may be considered part of the LGBTQ community include gay villages, LGBTQ rights organizations, LGBTQ employee groups at companies, LGBTQ student groups in schools and universities, and LGBT-affirming religious groups.

LGBTQ communities may organize themselves into, or support, movements for civil rights promoting LGBTQ rights in various places around the world. At the same time, high-profile celebrities in the broader society may offer strong support to these organizations in certain locations; for example, LGBTQ advocate and entertainer Madonna stated, "I was asked to perform at many Pride events around the world — but I would never, ever turn down New York City".[29]

Culture

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This section is an excerpt from LGBTQ culture.[edit]
 
Boston gay pride march, held annually in June

LGBTQ culture is a culture shared by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals. It is sometimes referred to as queer culture (indicating people who are queer), LGBT culture, and LGBTQIA culture, while the term gay culture may be used to mean either "LGBT culture" or homosexual culture specifically.

LGBT culture varies widely by geography and the identity of the participants. Elements common to cultures of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and intersex people include:

Not all LGBTQ people identify with LGBTQ culture; this may be due to geographic distance, unawareness of the subculture's existence, fear of social stigma or a preference for remaining unidentified with sexuality- or gender-based subcultures or communities. The Queercore and Gay Shame movements critique what they see as the commercialization and self-imposed "ghettoization" of LGBT culture.[30][31]

In some cities, particularly in North America, some LGBTQ people live in neighborhoods with a high proportion of gay residents, otherwise known as gay villages or gayborhoods—examples of these neighborhoods include Greenwich Village, Hell's Kitchen, and Chelsea in Manhattan;[32] Castro and West Hollywood in California, United States; Le Village in Montreal, Canada; and Church and Wellesley in Toronto, Canada. Such LGBT communities organize special events in addition to pride parades celebrating their culture such as the Gay Games and Southern Decadence. On June 27, 2019, the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor was inaugurated at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village.[33]

History

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This section is an excerpt from LGBTQ history.[edit]
 
Memorial to the homosexual victims of Nazism Berlin, Germany
 
Statue of Alexander Wood, Toronto, Canada
 
Natalie Barney historical marker, Dayton, Ohio
 
Anne Lister plaque, York, England
 
Stonewall Inn Plaque, New York City, New York

LGBTQ history dates back to the first recorded instances of same-sex love, diverse gender identities, and sexualities in ancient civilizations, involving the history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) peoples and cultures around the world. What survives after many centuries of persecution—resulting in shame, suppression, and secrecy—has only in more recent decades been pursued and interwoven into more mainstream historical narratives.

In 1994, the annual observance of LGBT History Month began in the United States, and it has since been picked up in other countries. This observance involves highlighting the history of the people, LGBTQ rights and related civil rights movements. It is observed during October in the United States, to include National Coming Out Day on October 11.[34] In the United Kingdom it has been observed during February since 2005 to coincide with the abolition of Section 28 in 2003, which had prohibited local authorities from "promoting" homosexuality.[35][36] A celebrated achievement in LGBTQ history occurred when Queen Beatrix signed a law making Netherlands the first country to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001.[37]

References

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  1. ^ "Definition of LGBT". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  3. ^ "Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  4. ^ "Definition of LGBTQ". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
  5. ^ "Definition of LGBTQIA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
  6. ^ "Definition of LGBTQ". Collins Dictionary. Retrieved 3 March 2024. LGBTQ+ is an abbreviation for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (or questioning), plus other sexual and gender identities.
  7. ^ "Definition of LGBTQ". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 4 March 2024. LGBTQ (abbreviation): lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (one's sexual or gender identity)
  8. ^ Shankle, Michael D. (2006). The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide To Service. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-496-8. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  9. ^ Miller, Sam J.; Szpara, K. M.; Kalaw, R. K.; Sjunneson-Henry, Elsa; Rustad, A. Merc; Bolander, Brooke; Hvide, Brit E. B.; Bledsoe, Alex; Kowal, Mary Robinette (3 July 2018). Uncanny Magazine Issue 23: July/August 2018. Uncanny Magazine.
  10. ^ "Definition of LGBT". Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  11. ^ Parent, Mike C.; DeBlaere, Cirleen; Moradi, Bonnie (June 2013). "Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities". Sex Roles. 68 (11–12): 639–645. doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2. S2CID 144285021.
  12. ^ "How the word 'queer' was adopted by the LGBTQ community". CJR. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  13. ^ https://www.hrc.org/resources/glossary-of-terms Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  14. ^ McHanon, Mary (23 May 2024). "Is "Queer" a Derogatory Word?". Language & Humanities. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  15. ^ Ring, Trudy (26 October 2016). "Expanding the Acronym: GLAAD Adds the Q to LGBT". Advocate. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  16. ^ "From LGBT to LGBTQIA+: The Evolving Recognition of Identity". National Geographic. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  17. ^ "LGBTQ". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  18. ^ "Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  19. ^ "Definition of LGBTQIA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  20. ^ "Definition of LGBTQQ". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
  21. ^ "Definition of GLBT". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  22. ^ "Definition of GLBTQ". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  23. ^ Finnegan, Dana G.; McNally, Emily B. (2002). Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-925-3.
  24. ^ Aragon, Angela Pattatuchi (2006). Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives. Haworth Press. ISBN 978-1-56023-645-0. Archived from the original on 22 November 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2008.
  25. ^ Makadon, Harvey J.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Potter, Jennifer; Goldhammer, Hilary (2008). The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health. ACP Press. ISBN 978-1-930513-95-2. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  26. ^ Julia Goicochea (August 16, 2017). "Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers". The Culture Trip. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
  27. ^ Eli Rosenberg (June 24, 2016). "Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2016.
  28. ^ "Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  29. ^ Jeff Nelson (June 24, 2022). "Madonna Celebrates Queer Joy with Drag Queens, Son David at Star-Studded NYC Pride Party". People Magazine. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2022.
  30. ^ du Pleissis, Michael; Chapman, Kathleen (February 1997). "Queercore: The distinct identities of subculture". College Literature. ISSN 0093-3139. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2007.
  31. ^ "Gay Shame: A Celebration of Resistance". Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  32. ^ Michael Musto (April 26, 2016). "Gay Dance Clubs on the Wane in the Age of Grindr". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  33. ^ "National LGBTQ Wall Of Honor Unveiled At Historic Stonewall Inn". thetaskforce.org. National LGBTQ Task Force. June 27, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
  34. ^ "LGBT History Month Resources". Glsen.org. Archived from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
  35. ^ "Local Government Act 2003 (c. 26) – Statute Law Database". Statutelaw.gov.uk. 2011-05-27. Archived from the original on October 18, 2019. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
  36. ^ Local Government Act 1988 (c. 9) Archived November 22, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, section 28. Accessed July 1, 2006 on opsi.gov.uk.
  37. ^ Homosexuality and the Law: A Dictionary. Abc-Clio. 2001. ISBN 9781576072677.

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