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This is a list of Jewish terms & concepts as it pertains to most Jewish denominations. For a list of terms specific to Orthodox Judaism, see: List of Jewish terms & concepts (Orthodox).
List
edit| Term | BH transliteration
approximation |
Description | Hebrew script |
|---|---|---|---|
| achdut/achdus | aḥduth/aḥḓuth/aḥḓuṱ | unity | אַחְדוּת |
| Adonai/Adonay | Ăḓonây/Ăḓonâi/Ăḓonâj | My Lord (meaning: God) | אֲדֹנָי\אֲדוֹנָי |
| Afikoman/afikoman | Aphiqōmân/Ăphiqōmân/Ăphiqimon | piece of matzah that is broken and set aside during the seder meal, often to be hidden by children and then found later in the evening as part of a traditional game | אַפִיקוֹמָן\אֲפִיקוֹמָן\אֲפִיקִימוֹן |
| agunah | |||
| Ahavas/Ahavat Yisrael | Áhăḇath/Aháḇath Yiśrâʾēl | (lit. love of Israel) love of Jews | אַהֲבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל |
| Akedah/Akeidah | ʿĂqēdâh | ʿĂqēḓâh | "the 'Akedah'" (lit. 'the binding') is a pivotal event described in the Torah where the patriarch Isaac is bound to an altar on Mount Moriah (by his father Abraham), and almost sacrificed (to God) | עֲקֵידָה |
| Akeret Habayit/akeres habayis | |||
| Al Chet/Al-Chet/Al Cheit | |||
| Aleph-beth/Aleph-beis | Âleph-bēth/Âleph-bēṱ | the Hebrew alphabet | אָלֶף־בֵּית |
| aliyah (pl. aliyot/s) | ʿăliẏâh | the honor of being called up to recite a blessing over the Torah scroll before a portion of the Torah is read aloud in the synagogue | עֲלִיָּה |
| aliyah² | ʿăliẏâh | (lit. ascension) term used to describe the act of Jews "going up" to Israel (meaning: emigrating to Israel as part of their birthright) | עֲלִיָּה |
| alman ("alm'n") (pl. almanim) | almân | widower | אַלְמָן\אַלְמָנִים |
| almanah (pl. almanot/almanos) | almânâh | widow | אַלְמָנָה\אַלְמָנוֹת |
| alot hashahar/alos hashachar | ʿăloth haṧâḥar/haṧaḥar | (lit.) rising of the dawn | עֲלוֹת הַשָּׁחַר\עֲלֹות הַשַּׁחַר |
| Am Yisrael | ʿAm Yiśrâʾēl | lit. nation/people of Israel (meaning: the Jewish people) | עַם יִשְׂרָאֵל |
| Amen | Âmēn | 'Amen.'; let it be so | אָמֵן |
| Amidah | ʿĂmidâh | ʿĂmiḓâh | central prayer recited standing up in Jewish daily services; synonym: Shmonei Esreh | עֲמִידָה |
| amud ("aw-m'd") | ʿaṁuḓ | ʿaṁud | prayer stand (or lectern) from which the 'baal tefillah' (prayer leader) leads the congregation in prayer | עַמּוּד |
| Ananei Hakavod | |||
| anavah/anava ("anaveh") | ʿănâw̠âh | ʿanw̠etânuth|ʿanw̠ethânuth|ʿanw̠eṱânuth | humility | עֲנָוָה\עַנְוְתָנוּת |
| ani (pl. aniim/aniyim/aniïm) | 1. I 2. (a.s.s. 'oni') poor person | ||
| apikorus/apikores (yesh: "apikoires") (pl. apikorsim) | epiqoros/epiqōrus/epiqōres | blasphemer, apostate | \(modern) אַפִּיקוֹרוּסאֶפִּיקוֹרוֹס\אֶפִּיקוֹרוּס\אֶפִּיקוֹרֶס |
| aravot/aravos | ʿărâḇōth | ʿărēḇōth | ʿărâḇōṱ | willow branches; 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | עֲרָבוֹת |
| arayos | ʿărâyōth | ʿărâyōṱ | prohibited sexual relationships within Jewish law, including incest, adultery, and forbidden unions | עֲרָיוֹת |
| Arba'ah Minim (o.p.a. "arba minim") | Arbâʾâh minim/Arbaʾath haṁinim | the four (plant) species (lulav, etrog, hadassim, aravot) used together in Sukkot rituals symbolizing unity and diversity in Jewish tradition | אַרְבָּעָה מִינִים\אַרְבַּעַת הַמִּינִים |
| arbah kanfot/arbah kanfos ha'aretz | arbaʿh kanphoth hâʾâreṣ | lit.: '(the) four corners of the earth' ● 'me'arbah kanfos ha'aretz': from all around the world | אַרְבַּע כַּנְפוֹת הָאָרֶץ |
| arevut/s | areivus/t | ʿărēḇuth | ʿărēḇuṱ | 1. togetherness, feeling of solidarity; being united in purpose and responsibility; compare: arvus 2. the act of co-signing or guaranteeing a loan, or providing a pledge or surety for someone else; guarantorship | עֲרֵבוּת |
| aron (pl. aronim) | âron | 1. (Aron) Aron Hakodesh 2. ark, chest | אָרוֹן |
| Aron HaKodesh/Aron Kodesh/Aron Qodesh | Ăron HaQōḓesh / (Âron/)Ăron Qōdesh | ark/cabinet in a synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls; synonym: 'Hekhal' | אֲרוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ\אֲרוֹן קֹּדֶשׁ (אָרוֹן קֹּדֶשׁ?) |
| arvit/arvis | ʿarḇith | ʿarḇiṱ | evening prayers; synonym: ma'ariv | עַרְבִית |
| Asarah b'Teves/Beteves | ʿĂśârâh Beṭēḇēth | 10ᵗʰ of Teves; fast day commemorating the siege of Jerusalem by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II, which ultimately led to the destruction of the First Temple | עֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת |
| Aseres/Aseret Yemei Teshuvah | ʿĂśereth Yemē Ṱeshuḇâh/ʿĂśereth Yemē Teshuḇâh | (lit. 'Ten days of repentance') ten days between Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish new year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement), which are considered a time for reflection, repentance, and seeking forgiveness from God | עֲשֶׂרֶת יְמֵי תְּשׁוּבָה |
| Aseret Hadibrot/Aseres Hadibros | ʿĂśereth Haḋibroth/Haḋibroṱ | the Ten Commandments | עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת |
| Ashkenazi (pl. Ashkenazim) | Ashkenaẓ̇i | (noun) Jewish person belonging to the Jewish ethnic and/or cultural group originating in Central and Eastern Europe; also see Ashkenaz | אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי |
| Ashkenazi² (also spelled: ashkenazi) | Ashkenaẓ̇i | (adj.) related to Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazi culture | אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי |
| asiyah/asiya/assiah | ʿăśiyâh | (lit. (the) act, (the) doing/making) 1. the act of doing something, generally with religious implications 2. (Asiyah) in Jewish mysticism, particularly in Kabbalah: one of the four worlds or realms of existence | עֲשִׂיָּה |
| asur/assur | âssur/âsur | forbidden, prohibited | אָסוּר |
| Atzeret/Atseres | ʿĂṣereth | ʿĂṣereṱ | (lit. assembly, gathering or pause) generally speaking, "Atzeret" refers to the eighth day of Sukkoth; it can also refer to the holiday of Shavuoth | עֲצֶרֶת |
| Atzilut/atzilus | ʿĂṣiluth | ʿĂṣiluṱ | 1. (lit. closeness, communion or nobleness) emanation 2. (Kabbalah) (Atzilus) Olam Haʾatziluth ('World of Emanation'): the highest of the four spiritual worlds/realms of existence | אֲצִילוּת |
| atzmut/atzmus | ʿaṣmuth | ʿaṣmuṱ | someone or something's essence | עַצְמוּת |
| Av haRachamim | Aḇ hâRăḥamim | Father of Mercy/Compassion (meaning God) | אָב הָרַחֲמִים |
| averah/aveirah (pl. averot/aveiros) | ʿăḇērâh | (a) sin | עֲבֵרָה |
| avelut/s | aveilus/t | ăḇēluth/ăḇēluṱ | period of mourning observed by Jews following the death of a close relative | אֲבֵלוּת |
| Avnet | Aḇnēṭ | Priestly sash or girdle; one of the 4 Bigdei Kehuna that the Aaronite Priests wore during Temple services | אַבְנֵט |
| Avodah Zarah | ʿĂḇodâh | ʿĂḇoḓâh Ẓârâh | idol worship | עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה |
| Avodas/Avodat Hashem | ʿĂḇodath Haṧēm | servitude to God | עֲבוֹדַת ה׳ (הַשֵּׁם) |
| Avot/Avos | Âḇoth/Âḇoṱ | (lit. fathers) 1. The Patriarchs 2. Pirkei Avos (Tractate of the Mishnah, a.k.a. 'Ethics of the Fathers') | אָבוֹת |
| Ayin Hora ("aynehora") | ʿAyin hârấʿ/hâráʿ | (the) Evil eye | עַיִן הָרָע\עַיִן הָרַע |
| Azazel | ʿĂẓâʾẓēl | 1. sacrificial goat, symbolically carrying the sins of the people, which was thrown of a cliff on Yom Kippur (origin of the word 'scapegoat') 2. name of a fallen angel in the Book of Enoch | עֲזָאזֵל |
| b'al peh | bʿal peh | (lit. 'by mouth') by heart | בְּעַל פֶּה |
| b'di'eved/bedi'eved | bediʿăḇaḓ/beḓiʿăḇaḓ/b'ḏiʿăḇaḓ | situation where an action was not performed ideally or according to the preferred or optimal method, but is nonetheless acceptable or valid after the fact; compare: lekhatkhila | בְּדִיעֲבַד |
| b'Ezras/b'Ezrat Hashem | beʿeẓrath Haṧēm | with the help of God | ("הַשֵּׁם") בְּעֶזְרַת ה׳ |
| b'heseivah | behesēḇâh | (on Passover) in a reclining position | בְּהֶסֵבָה |
| b'kitzur/bekitzur | beqiṣur/b'qiṣur | in short | בְּקִיצוּר |
| b'li/beli ayin hora ("beli ayn'hora") | beli ʿayin hârấʿ/hâráʿ | without the Evil Eye | בְּלִי עַיִן הָרָע\הָרַע |
| b'li neder/nedder ("bli neyder") | b'li nedder/neḏer/neḓer | without a vow (i.e. without promising) | בְּלִי נֶדֶר |
| B'nei Anusim | ― | lit.: "Children of the forced ones"; Jews or descendents of Jews who were forcibly converted to Christianity during the Spanish inquisition; also known as "Crypto-Jews" or "Marranos" | בְּנֵי אֲנוּסִים |
| b'nei/bnei/benei | b'nē/benē | 1. (lit.) sons of 2. people of | בְּנֵי |
| b'shem/b'sheim | beshēm | in the name (of) | בְּשֵׁם |
| b'shem Hashem | beshēm Haṧēm | in the name of God | בְּשֵׁם ה׳ (בְּשֵׁם הַשֵּם) |
| ba'al/baal (pl. ba'alim) | lit. 'master'; 1. owner or person in charge 2. husband 3. (in conjuctions) baal *: having ownership, mastery, the appointment over sth, or having sth as an occupation | בַּעַל \ בְּעָלִים | |
| ba'alat/baalas (f) | lit. 'mistress of'; (in conjuctions) ba'alat *: having ownership, mastery, the appointment over sth, or having sth as an occupation | בַּעֲלַת \ בַּעֲלוֹת | |
| ba'al habayit/baal habayis | lit. (male) 'master of the house'; owner of the house | בַּעַל־הַבַּיִת | |
| ba'alat habayit/baalas habayis | lit. (female) 'master of the house'; owner of the house | בַּעֲלַת הַבַּיִת | |
| Ba'al Kore | ba'al/baal koreh | baʿal qōrē (ba'al qeriʾâh) | person tasked with reading the Torah portion aloud during synagogue services, typically on Shabbat and holidays | (בַּעַל קְרִיאָה :original) בַּעַל קוֹרֵא |
| baal ga'avah/gaavah ("gaaveh", "gaiveh") | baʿal ġaʾăw̠âh | haughty person | בַּעַל גַּאֲוָה |
| baal mofes/moifes | baʿal mōphēth | miracle worker | בַּעַל מוֹפֵת |
| Baal Simchah | Baʿal śimḥâh | ||
| Baal Tefillah | Baʿal Tephillâh/Tefillâh | person leading the prayer during communal prayer services | בַּעַל תְּפִלָּה |
| Baal Teshuvah | Baʿal Teshuḇâh/Ṱeshuḇâh | person that was previously less observant that has since embraced religious observance and returned to a more traditional or observant lifestyle | בַּעַל תְּשׁוּבָה |
| Ba'alat/Baalas Teshuvah | Baʿalath Teshuḇâh/Ṱeshuḇâh | woman that was previously less observant that has since embraced religious observance and returned to a more traditional or observant lifestyle | בַּעֲלַת תְּשׁוּבָה |
| Baal tokeya (pl. Baalei tokeya) | |||
| bachor/bechor/bakhor/bekhor | bekhor | firstborn; eldest | בְּכוֹר |
| bachur/bochur/baḥur (pl. bachurim) | bâḥur | 1. young man (approx. 14 y. and older) 2. bachelor (male) | בָּחוּר |
| Bal Tashḥit/Bal Tashchis | Bal Tashḥith/Tashḥiṱ | Hebrew phrase meaning: "do not destroy" or "do not waste"; principle found in the Torah promoting conservation and avoiding needless destruction | בַּל תַּשְׁחִית |
| balaboosta/balabusta | ― | (yiddish) homemaker; woman that runs a household with efficiency and skill | בּאַלעַבּאָסטעֶ |
| balagan | |||
| Bamidbar | Book of Numbers | ||
| Bar Mitzvah | bar miṣw̠âh | coming-of-age ceremony and the status attained by a Jewish boy at the age of 13 | בַּר מִצְוָה |
| Barukh Dayan (Ha)Emet/Baruch Dayan (Ha)Emes | Bârukh Ḋaẏân hâʾEmeth Bârukh Ḍ̇aẏan hâʾEmeth/Emeṱ | "Blessed is the Judge of Truth."; expression typically said upon hearing news of someone's passing (as a gesture of condolence) | בָּרוּךְ דַּיָּן הָאֱמֶת\בָּרוּךְ דַּיַּן הָאֱמֶת |
| Barukh/Baruch Hashem | Bârukh Haṧēm | Blessed is The Name (meaning: God). | בָּרוּךְ ה׳ (הַשֵּׁם) |
| Bas/Bat Mitzvah | Bath miṣw̠âh | coming of age ceremony for Jewish girls when turning 12 | בַּת מִצְוָה |
| basar b'chalav/b'halav | |||
| bechirah/behirah | beḥirâh | free will | בְּחִירָה |
| Bedek Habayit/Bedek Habayis | Bedeq/Beḏeq Habâyith/Beḓeq Habâyiṱ | 1. (biblical) everything related to the upkeep of the Mishkan or the Temple 2. everything related to the upkeep of a synagogue | בֶּדֶק הַבָּיִת |
| bederech/b'derekh/b'derech klal | b'ḓerekh klâl | (lit. in the way of rule) in general | בְּדֶרֶךְ כְּלָל |
| Bedikas/Bedikat Chametz | Beḏiqath/Beḓiqath Ḥâmēṣ | lit.: inspection of chametz (meaning: checking/searching for chametz) | בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ |
| behemah/beheimah (pl. behemot/s) | behēmâh | 1. livestock animal 2. (humorous or derogatory) idiot | בְּהֵמָה |
| bein adam l'chavero/havero/chaveiro | bēn âḓâm l'ḥăḇēro | between man and his fellow | בֵּין אָדָם לְחֲבֵרוֹ |
| bein adam l'Makom | bēn âdâm l'Mâqom/bēn âḓâm leMâqom | (lit. between man and the place) between man and The Omnipresent (meaning: God) | בֵּין אָדָם לְמָקוֹם |
| Beth/Beis Din (pl. batei din) | Bēth Ḋin | (lit. 'house of law/justice') Jewish (religious) court | בֵּית דִּין |
| Beth/Beis Hamidrash (pl. batei (ha)midrash) | Bēth Haṁiḏrâsh (Haṁiḓrâsh) | synanogue established with a focus on facilitating Torah study | בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ \ בָּתֵי הַמִּדְרָשׁ |
| Beis Din Shel Ma'alah | Bēth Ḋin Shel Maʿəlâh (Maʿlâh) | the Heavenly Court, Divine Tribunal | בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל מַעְלָה |
| bemetziut/s | b'metzius/t | bemeṣiuth/bemeṣiuṱ | 1. in real life, in the real world 2. (lit.) in existence | בְּמֶצִיאוּת |
| Ben Sorer uMoreh | Ben Sōrēr uMōrẹh | lit.: wayward and rebellious son; refers to a specific legal concept in the Torah (Deuteronomy 21:18‑21) | בֵּן סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה |
| benoni/beinoni (pl. benonim) | bēnoni | (lit. the (one) in between) person that is neither a rasha nor a tzaddik but average | בֵּינוֹנִי |
| bentsch/bentsching/bentshing | ― | (Yinglish) (lit.: praising) reciting (one of) the designated blessing(s) after eating a meal or snack 2. (noun) the (act of) bentsching (usually Birkat Hamazon); from the Yiddish word 'bentschen/bentshn' (בּעֶנטשֶׁן) | ― |
| bentsher/bentscher | ― | (Yiddish) prayerbook(let) containing the blessings for bentsching | בּעֶנטשֶער |
| beracha/berakha/bracha (pl. brachot/s) | berâkhâh | (a) blessing | בְּרָכָה |
| berairah/bereirah/bererah/breirah (pl. breirot/s) | berērâh | option ● b'ein breirah: with no (other) option | בְּרִירָה |
| Bereshit/Bereishis | Book of Genesis | ||
| besamim | beśâmim | (lit. spices) aromatic spices (usually cloves) used in the Havdalah ceremony, which marks the end of Shabbat | בְּשָׂמִים |
| besari | (hebrew) having the halachik status of meat products, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or simply being, meat; syn.: 'fleishig' (yiddish) | ||
| beshaas hadchak/bishe'at had'chak | bisheʿáth haḓ'ḥâq/had'ḥaq | 'in times of emergency/crisis'; used when one has to make decisions or take actions that are less than desirable/less than ideal because of challenging or critical circumstances | בִּשְעַת הַדְחָק\הַדְּחַק |
| besorot tovot/besoros tovos | בְּשׂוֹרוֹת טוֹבוֹת | ||
| Beth Haknesset/Beis Haknesses | Bēth Hakneseth/Haknesseṱ | synagogue (primarily) designated for prayer-services | בֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת |
| Beth Hamikdash/Beis Hamikdash | Bēth Haṁiqdâsh | (lit. House of Sanctum) the Holy Temple; Beth Hamikdash Harishon/Hasheini: the First/Second Temple | בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ |
| Bigdei Kehuna | Biǧdē Kehuṅâh | special clothes worn by the priests (Kohanim) in the Temple | בִּגְדֵי כְּהֻנָּה |
| Bikkur/Bikur Cholim/Holim | Biqur (Biqqur) Ḥolim | 'visiting the sick', a mitzvah from the Torah | בִּיקוּר חוֹלִים |
| Bikkurim | Bikurim/Bikkurim | 1. agricultural offering of the first fruits of the harvest, which were brought to the temple in Jerusalem as an expression of gratitude to God in ancient times 2. Tractate of the Mishna decribing the laws around this ritual | בִּכּוּרִים |
| bilbul (pl. bilbulim)(pl. yid. bilb'lech) | bilbul | (lit. confusion, obfuscation) (blood) libel | בִּלְבּוּל\בִּלְבּוּלִים (yiddish: בִּילבּל\בִּילבּלעֶך) |
| binah | binâh | 1. comprehension, understanding 2. [Binah] one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing intellectual insight and discernment | בִּינָה |
| birchon | |||
| Birkas/Birkat Hamazon | Birkath HaṀâẓon | blessing recited after consuming a meal with bread | בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן |
| Birkat Kohanim/Birkas Kohanim | syn.: Nesiyat Kapayim | ||
| bitachon | biṭ̇âchon | trust (in a higher power); compare: Emunah | בִּטָּחוֹן |
| blech | ― | (Yiddish) (historically) a metal sheet or cover placed over a stovetop on the Sabbath to allow the cooking or warming of food without directly using fire or electricity; nowadays, most people use a hotplate instead (which in Yiddish, technically speaking, is called a 'platte' (פּלאַטע)) but still call it a 'blech' | בּלעֶך |
| Boreich/Borech/Borekh | Bōrēkh | (lit.) bless(es) (root of מְבָרֵךְ (meaning: (singular) bless/blesses)); 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Passover | בָּרֵךְ |
| Bracha Achronah/Berakha Ahrona | Berâkhâh Aḥăronâh | lit. last blessing; one of the designated blessings for after a meal or snack | בְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה |
| Briat Ha'olam/Brias HaOlam | beriʾath/briʾath hâʿolâm | creation of the world | בְּרִיאַת הָעוֹלָם |
| brit/bris (pl. brisos/britot) | brith | (pl. technically 'britot/brisos' but 'britim/brissim' is more common despite it being incorrect) 1. covenant 2. (Bris) short for Bris Milah ('Covenant of Circumcision') | בְּרִית \ בְּרִיתוֹת |
| Bris Milah | Brith Milâh | (Covenant of) circumcision | בְּרִית מִילָה |
| Chabad/chabad (a.s.s.: Chabbad) | ― | major chasidic movement known for its outreach efforts and educational activities; acronym of Chochmah, Binah, va'Da'at (חָכְמָה, בִּינָה, וָדַּעַת); also known as Lubavitch (based on the location it originated from) | חַבַּ"ד |
| chacham/ḥakham | ḥâkhâm | wise person | חָכָם |
| Chad Gadya | |||
| Chag sameach/Hag same'ah | |||
| chai/hai | ḥai/ḥây/ḥâi | lives (singular form of 'to live') ● Am Yisrael chai: the people of Israel live | חַי\חָי |
| Chalakah/chalakah | |||
| chalavi/halavi | ḥălaḇi | (hebrew) having the halachik status of dairy, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or simply being, dairy; syn.: 'milchig' (yiddish) | חֲלָבִי |
| challah/hallah | ḥal̇âh | type of braided bread eaten on Shabbat and holidays in Jewish households | חַלָּה |
| chameshet mine dagan/chameishes minei dagan | |||
| chametz/hametz | ḥâmēṣ | leavened food, prohibited from being eaten (or even owned (according to Orthodox Judaism)) on Passover | חָמֵץ |
| Chanukkah/Hanukkah | |||
| charatah | ḥarâṭâh | regret | חֲרָטָה |
| Chareidi/chareidi/Haredi/haredi | ― | (Hebrew)(adj.) 1. Orthodox Jewish (with the exception of (certain) Modern Orthodox (groups) (known in Israel as 'dati le'umi')) 2. (noun)(pl. chareidim) Orthodox Jewish person (except for (certain groupings within the) Modern Orthodox (community)) | חֲרֵדִי |
| has/chas v'shalom | ḥâs w̠eshâlom | (lit. mercy and peace) God forbid | חָס וְשָׁלוֹם |
| chashuv/hashuv | ḥâshuḇ | ● (yiddish) a chashuve/choshuve yid: a respectable Jew | חָשׁוּב |
| chassid/hassid (pl. chassidim (hebrew)/chassids (eng)) | ḥâsiḏ/ḥâsiḓ | 1. person that does chessed (kindness) 2. pious person or devout/loyal person (to a creed, religion etc.) ● chassid shoteh (חָסִיד שׁוֹטֶה) (lit. foolish chassid); person that is loyal to a creed or person unquestionably (or uncritically) 3. hasidic person | חָסִיד |
| chatan/hatan/chassan (pl. chattanim/chassanim) | ḥâtân/ḥâthân/ḥâṱân | groom | חָתָן \ חֲתָנִים |
| chatunah/hatunah/chasunah/chassunah/chassune | ḥătunâh/ḥăthunâh/ḥăṱunâh | wedding | חתונה\חֲתֻנָּה |
| chatzos/hatzot | ḥăṣoth | (lit. midpoint) hatzot yom: noon; hatzot lailah: midnight | חֲצוֹת |
| chayus/chayut | |||
| Chazarat haShatz/chazaras hashatz | Ḥăẓârath haShaṣ | abbreviated form of Chazarat HaShaliach Tzibbur (חַזָּרַת הַשַּׁלִּיחַ צִבּוּר); repetition of the Amidah by the Shaliach Tzibbur | חֲזָרַת הַשַ"ץ |
| Chazeret/Chazeres/Hazeret(h) | Ḥăẓereth | Romaine lettuce | חֲזֶרֶת |
| chazir ("chazer") | ḥăẓir | pig, swine | חֲזִיר |
| chazzan/hazzan (pl. hazzanim) | ḥaẓ̇ân | cantor | חַזָּן |
| cheder (pl. chadarim) | ḥeder/ḥedder / ḥădârim/ḥăḓârim | (lit. room) school (usually a Hasidic Jewish religious school) | חֶדֶר \ חֲדָרִים |
| cheder rishon/sheini/shlishi/revii | ḥeder riʾshon/shēni/shelishi/reviʿi | חֶדֶר רִאשׁוֹן\שֵׁנִי\שְׁלִישִׁי\רְבִיעִי | |
| Cheirem Derabbeinu Gershom (Gershon) | |||
| Cherus/cherut | cheirus | ḥēruth | freedom | חֵרוּת |
| chesed/chessed (pl. chasadim) | Ḥesed/ḥeseḓ | 1. compassion, kindness 2. short for 'maasei chesed' (מַעֲשֵׂי חֶסֶד )(lit. 'works of kindness'); acts of kindness 3. community service 4. Chessed: one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing love and benevolence | חֶסֶד\חֲסָדִים |
| cheshbon (pl. cheshbonos/t) | ḥeshbon | חֶשְׁבּוֹן | |
| cheshbon hanefesh | ḥeshbon haṅephesh | חֶשְׁבּוֹן הַנֶּפֶשׁ | |
| chet/cheit (pl. chato'im/chatoïm) | |||
| chevra | |||
| Chevra Kadisha | |||
| chiddush/chidush | ḥiḋush/ḥiḓ̇ush | חִדּוּשׁ | |
| chiloni/hiloni (pl. chilonim/hilonim) | |||
| Chillul Hashem | |||
| chiluk/chilluk (pl. chilukim) | difference | ||
| chilukei deyot/chilukei deyos | |||
| chinuch | |||
| chizuk/chizzuk | ● Divrei Chizuk: words of encouragement | ||
| chochmah | ḥâkmâh | 1. wisdom 2. [Chochmah] one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing wisdom and intuition 3. (noun, count.) something that requires a decent amount of intellect to be able to do ● nit/nisht ke'n chochmah: not (as) (intellectually) impressive/difficult (as you're making it out to be) | חָכְמָה |
| chok (pl. chukim) | ḥoq / ḥuq̇im | statute; commandment whose rationale is not always immediately apparent or understood, distinguishing from "mishpat" (מִשְׁפָּט), which refers to laws with a clear and understandable reason | חוֹק |
| Chol Hamoed/Hamo'ed (yeshivish: "chalemoid") | Ḥōl HaṀōʿēḓ/HaṀōʿēd | חוֹל הַמּוֹעֵד | |
| Choshen Mishpat/Mishpot | Hoshen Mishpat | Ḥoshẹn / Ḥoshẹn (ha)Mishpât | the Choshen Mishpat (often abbreviated to 'Choshen') (lit.: Breastplate of Justice) is the Biblical term for the Priestly Breastplate; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | חֹשֶׁן\חֹשֶׁן הַמִשְׁפָּט\חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט |
| chov | ḥoḇ | debt | חוֹב |
| chozer bitshuvah/biteshuvah | |||
| chumash/Humash (pl. chumashim) | ḥuṁâsh | 1. a 'Torah' in book form 2. (any) one of the five books of the Torah (in book form) | חֻמָּשׁ |
| chuppah (pl. chuppot/s) | |||
| churban/Churban (a.p.: chorbn) | 1. destruction; remains of a settlement after is has been destroyed 2. 'The Churban', refers to: Churban Beth Hamikdash: the Destruction of the Holy Temple ● Zecher l'Churban: in memory of the Churban | חֻרְבָּן | |
| Chutz la'Aretz/chutz la'aretz | ḥuṣ lâʾâreṣ | (lit. 'out to the land') outside Israel | חוּץ לָאָרֶץ |
| chutz lamachane | (lit. 'out of the encampment')(humorous) isolated from the group | ||
| Chutznik/chutznik (pl. chutznikim) | |||
| chutzpah/hutzpah | audacity | ||
| chutzpinyak/chutzp'nyak | |||
| d'Oraisah/d'oraisah | "mi'd'oraisah" | ||
| d'Rabbanan/d'rabbanan | "mi'd'rabbanan" | ||
| da'at/daas | ḋaʿath/ḋaʿaṱ | 1. knowledge, informedness 2. Da'at: in Kabbalah, the location where all ten Sefirot in the Tree of Life are united as one, often considered a bridge between the divine and human consciousness | דָּעַת |
| dagesh | דָּגֵשׁ \ דְּגָשִׁים | ||
| dalet amos | |||
| dam milah | |||
| dan l'kaf z'chut/zechus/zchus | |||
| darom | south | ||
| dati le'umi/dati leumi | |||
| daven/davening (v) | (yiddish/yinglish) to 'daven' = to pray | ||
| davening (n) | (yinglish) prayer | ||
| Dayenu/Daiyenu | |||
| de'ot/de'os | opinions, perspectives | ||
| Deracheha Darchei Noam | Ḋerâkhehâh darkhē noʿâm (w̠'khâl nethiḇotehâ shâlom) | "Deracheha Darchei Noam v'chol nesivoseho shalom" (דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי נֹעַם וְכׇל נְתִיבוֹתֶיהָ שָׁלוֹם): | דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי נֹעַם |
| derekh/derech eretz | (lit. ways of the land) manners | דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ | |
| Derech eretz kadma l'Torah/laTorah | (dictum) manners take precedence over the Torah | דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ קָדְמָה לַתּוֹרָה | |
| derech hayashar | |||
| Devarim | |||
| dikduk | |||
| dimyon | |||
| dimyonot/dimyonos | |||
| din (pl. dinim) | ḋin / ḋinim | דִּין \ דִּינִים | |
| din v'cheshbon | |||
| dina d'malchusa dina | דִּינָא דְמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא (דִּינָא דְּמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא) | ||
| Dor Haflagah | |||
| drashah/drasha | speech (often referring to a religious sermon) | ||
| dreidel | Jewish version of a spinning top; used on chanukkah | ||
| duchenen/dukhenen/duchn'n/dukhn'n | ― | (Yiddish) 'The Duchenen'; the ritual of Birkat Kohanim ; from the Hebrew 'דּוּכָנָן' (duchanan) meaning: (the) stands | דוּכֶנ'עֶן\דוּכֶנעֶן |
| duchen/duchening | ― | 'to duchen': perform the ritual of Birkat Kohanim | דוּכֶנעִנג |
| Dvar/dvar Torah (pl. divrei Torah) | |||
| dybbuk (pl. dybbukim) | ḋibuq/ḋibbuq (diḇuq?) | malevolent spirit, generally the type that possesses humans | דִּיבּוּק\דִּבּוּק |
| efsher | |||
| Eglah Arufah | Eǧlâh Ăruphâh | (lit. "broken-necked calf", "decapitated heifer") ritual described in the Hebrew Bible (Deuteronomy 21:1‑9) pertaining to a person found murdered in the wild and where the perpetrator is unknown | עֶגְלָה עֲרוּפָה (עֶגְלָה הָעֲרוּפָה) |
| Ehyeh asher Ehyeh | Ẹhyẹh ăshẹr Ẹhyẹh | (lit. "I am that I am") reference to God (as God represents themself this way in Exodus 3:14) | אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה |
| Eibishter/Eybishter (chs: Aybishter) | |||
| Eidut HaMizrach/Eidut Hamizrach | |||
| (b')ein brerah | (with) no (other) option | ||
| Ein/Eyn Sof | Ēn soph | (Kaballah) (lit. No End) God | |
| einikel | |||
| Eis Ratzon | |||
| El/el | 1. [el] (a) god 2. [El] one of the names of God in the Bible | ||
| El (Elohim) Elyon | |||
| El malei rachamim | אֵל מָלֵא רַחֲמִים | ||
| emes/emet | |||
| Emunah/emunah | belief/conviction | ||
| Emunas/Emunat Hashem | belief in God | ||
| Ephod/Eiphod | Ēphoḓ/Ēphod | richly embroidered vest or apron with two onyx engraved gemstones on the shoulders, on which, were engraved the names of the tribes of Israel; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | אֵפוֹד |
| eretz | earth, land | ||
| Eretz Yisrael | (land of) Israel | ||
| Erev Shabbos | |||
| erva | |||
| Eser Makkot/Eser Makkos | |||
| Eshet Chayil/eishes chayil | |||
| Etrog/esrog//ethrog (pl. ethrogim) | 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | ||
| Etz Chaim | (lit. 'Tree of Life') | ||
| Etz Hada'as | |||
| Etzbah Elohim | אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים | ||
| etzem | |||
| evarim/eivarim | |||
| eved (pl. avodim) | servant/slave | ||
| Eved Hashem (pl. Avdei Hashem) | servant of God | ||
| Even Shetiyah/Even Shesiyah | Eḇen Haṧeṯ̣iyâh/Eḇen Sheṱ̣̇iyâh | 'Foundation Stone'; foundational rock from which, according to Judaism, the world was created; located at the center of the Dome of the Rock | אֶבֶן שְׁתִיָּה\אֶבֶן הַשְּׁתִיָּה |
| Ever min hachai/Ever min hachay | |||
| Ezrat Nashim/Ezras nashim | |||
| fleishig | ― | (Yiddish) having the halachik status of meat products, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or simply being, meat; syn.: 'besari' (Hebrew) | |
| fleishigs | ― | (Yiddish) 1. (noun) fleishig foods 2. (adj.) malapropism of fleishig | |
| frum | ― | (Yiddish; OJ term) Orthodox (Jewish) | |
| frummie | ― | (Jewish slang; often, derogatory) frum person | |
| G'lilah/glilah | |||
| G'mar/Gmar chasima tova | |||
| gabbai/gabay ("gabbeh") (pl. gabbaim/gabbaïm) | sexton | ||
| gadol (pl. gedolim) | |||
| Galus/Galut Bavel | |||
| galut/galus | |||
| Gan Eden | Garden of Eden | ||
| ganav/ganev (pl. ganavim) | thief | ||
| gaon (pl. Geonim/Gaonim) | genius | ||
| gashmiyut/gashmiyus | materialism; worldly pleasures | ||
| gazlan (pl. gazlanim) | |||
| gebentsht | |||
| Gehinnom/Gehinnam | hell | ||
| gemach | גְּמַ"ח (גְּמַ"חִים) | ||
| Gemara | Ġemârâ | Talmud | גְּמָרָא |
| gematria (pl. gematriot/s) | גְּמַטְרִיָּה \ גְּמַטְרִיּוֹת | ||
| Gemilus/gemilut chasadim | Ġemiluth ḥăsâḓim/ḥăsâdim | גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים | |
| genizah | ġeniẓâh | repository for worn-out or damaged sacred texts such as Torah scrolls, prayer books, and other religious writings that contain the name of God; out of respect for their sanctity, they are placed there, instead of being discarded; eventually, they are buried in a Jewish cemetery according to Jewish law | גְּנִיזָה |
| ger (pl. gerim/geirim) | (a) convert | ||
| Ger Tzeddek/Tseddek | |||
| geshmack/gishmack | |||
| get (pl. gitin) | divorce (document) | ||
| Geula/Ge'ula/Ge'ulah | the Redemption | ||
| gevir ("geviir") (pl. gevirim) | |||
| gevurah | ġeḇurâh | 1. strength 2. Gevurah (lit. strength): one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing disclipine and judgment | גְּבוּרָה |
| gezeilah/g'zeilah | |||
| gezeira/gezeirah | |||
| gezel | |||
| gilgul (pl. gilgulim) | reincarnated soul; reincarnation | גִּלְגוּל \ גִּלְגוּלִים | |
| gilyon | ġilyon | manuscript, copyedit | גִּלְיוֹן |
| giyores/giyoret (pl. giyorot/s) | female convert | גִיוֹרֶת \ גִיוֹרוֹת | |
| giyur | the 'conversion process' or just conversion in general | ||
| Gog u'Magog | |||
| golem | |||
| goy (pl. goyim) | lit. 'nation' but usually refers to non-Jews | גּוֹי\גּוֹיִם | |
| goyish (also spelled: goysh) | un-Jewish | ||
| grusha (pl. grushos/t) | female divorcee | ||
| hadassim | 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | ||
| Hafrashas/Hafrashat challah | |||
| hafsakah (pl. hafsakot/s) | haphsâqâh | 1. break 2. recess | הַפְסָקָה \ הַפְסָקוֹת |
| Haftarah | הַפְטָרָה \ הַפְטָרוֹת | ||
| Hagbah/Hagbaha | Haǧbâhâh/Hagbâhâh | ritual lifting and displaying of the Torah scroll to the congregation after it has been read during a Torah reading service | הַגְבָּהָה |
| Haggadah (pl. Haggadot/s) | |||
| Haggadah shel Pesach | |||
| Hakadosh Baruch Hu | |||
| Hakhnasat orchim/hachnasas orchim | hakhnâsath orḥim | (lit. 'the welcoming of guests') hospitality (towards guests) | הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים |
| Hakoras/Hakarat hatov | |||
| Halacha/Halakha/Halakhah (Halacha/Halakha/Halakhah) | הֲלָכָה | ||
| Hallel | Hal̇ēl | 1. 2. 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | הַלֵּל |
| HaMakom | (lit.: The Place) one of the names of God; usually translated as 'The Omnipresent' | ||
| hanukkiah/chanukkiah (pl. hanukkiot/s) | |||
| Har Habayit/Har Habayis | |||
| Har Sinai | Mt. Sinai | ||
| Harbei Shluchim laMakom | Harbē Sheluḥim laṀâqom | "The Omnipresent has many messengers" | הַרְבֵּה שְׁלוּחִים לַמָּקוֹם |
| Hashavat Avedah/Hashavas Aveidah | |||
| Hashem/HaShem/haShem | The Name (meaning: God) | ||
| Hashem yerachem/yeracheim | "may God have mercy" | ||
| Hashem yikom damo/damah/damam | |||
| Hashgacha Klalit/Klalis | |||
| Hashgacha Pratit/Pratis | |||
| hashkafah (pl. hashkafot/s) | |||
| hashpa'ah (pl. hashpa'ot) | influence | ||
| Haskalah | the (Jewish) Enlightenment movement | הַשְׂכָּלָה | |
| Hatafat Dam Brit / Hatofas Dam Bris | Haṭâphath Ḋam Brith | הֲטָפַת דַּם בְּרִית | |
| Hatzalah | |||
| hatzlachah | success | ||
| Hatzlachah rabah | "(I wish you) great success" | ||
| Havdalah | |||
| havel/hevel havalim (havolim) | "vanity of vanities" (from Ecclesiastes 1:2) | הֲבֵל הֲבָלִים | |
| Hayah, Hoveh, v'Yihye | Hâyâh How̠eh ḇ'Yihyeh | (lit. 'Was, is, and will be") reference to God | הָיָה הוֹוֶה וִיהְיֶה |
| Hazkarat neshamot | Hazkoras/Hazkaras neshamos | |||
| hechsher (pl. hechsherim) | |||
| hefker | |||
| hefsek (pl. hefsekim) | hephsēq | interruption, pause | הֶפְסֵק \ הֲפְסָקִים |
| Hekdesh/hekdesh | Heqḋēsh | property or possessions that have been dedicated to the Temple | הֶקְדֵּשׁ |
| Hekhal/Hechal/Heichal (pl. Hechalim/Hechalot/s) | Hēkhâl | 1. hall, large reception area 2. central sanctuary of the holy temple 3. ark/cabinet in a synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls; synonym: Aron Hakodesh | הֵיכָל (הֵיכָלִים\הֵיכָלוֹת) |
| hesped (pl. hespedim) | הֶסְפֵּד \ הֶסְפֵּדִים | ||
| heter (pl. heterim) | hetēr | הֶתֵּר \ הֶתֵּרִים | |
| Hineni | Hiṅēni/Hineni | "Here I am"; Jewish expression of resilience and fortitude in the face of antisemitism | הִנֵּנִי\הִנְנִי |
| hisarvus/hitarbut | hithʿârḇuth/hithʿârḇuṱ | 1. (lit. entanglement) communal involvement combined with a feeling of being united in purpose and responsibility 2. togetherness, feeling of solidarity; being united in purpose and responsibility; synonym: areivus | הִתְעָרְבוּת |
| hishtadlut/hishtadlus | |||
| hitbodedut/hisbodedus | |||
| hitorerut/hisorerus/hithorerut | |||
| Hod | Hod/Hōḓ | one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing splendor and glory | הוֹד |
| Hodu laShem ki l'olam/le'olam chasdo | |||
| hora | |||
| Hoshanah Rabbah | |||
| ikar | |||
| im yirtzeh Hashem | God willing | ||
| Imahot/Imahos | |||
| inyan (pl. inyanim) | |||
| Isiyim | Iṡiyim | Essenes | אִסִּיִים |
| Isru chag | |||
| Ivri (pl. Ivrim) | עִבְרִי \ עִבְרִים | ||
| K'lei/Klei Hakerem | |||
| k'mayim panim el (ha)panim | |||
| K'sones/Ketonet/Kesones Pasim | |||
| Kabbalah/Qabalah | קַבָּלָה | ||
| Kaddish/Qadish/Qaddish | |||
| Kadesh/Kadeish | Qaḋēsh | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | קַדֵּשׁ |
| Kadeish Ur'chatz | Qaḋēsh Ureḥaṣ | first 2 Simanim of Pesach ; are referred to in this way as, in certain respects, they are considered one unit | קַדֵּשׁ וּרְחַץ |
| kallah (pl. kallot/s) | bride | כַּלָּה \ כַּלוֹת | |
| kana'i/kanaï (pl. kanaim/kanaïm) | zealot | ||
| kapittl (pl. kapittlach) | |||
| Kapparot/Kapparos | |||
| Karet/Kares/Kareth (Ashk. rel.: Kores/Koreis; chs: Kures) | Kârēth/Kârēṱ | extirpation, spiritual excision; biblical punishment where a person is spiritually "cut off" from the community and where they are expected to experience a premature death (at the hands of God) | כָּרֵת |
| karov/karev/korev/kurev | (generally speaking) a family member | ||
| Karpas | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | כַּרְפַּס | |
| kashrut/Kashrus | |||
| katan (pl. ketanim) | |||
| kavanah (pl. kavanot/s) | |||
| kavod | |||
| kavuah/kavua | |||
| kivyachol/kavyachol/kevayachol | כִּבְיָכוֹל | ||
| Ke'arah/Ke'areh | |||
| ke'ilu | |||
| kebeitzah/k'beitzah | kabēṣah/k'ḇēṣah | (biblical measurements) (lit. 'like an egg') the size of an egg | כַּבֵּיצָה\כְּבֵיצָה |
| Kedushah/kedusha | 1. Holyness 2. | ||
| Kehal Hakadosh | |||
| Kehal/Kahal | ● 'Kehal Hashem': | ||
| kehilla/kehillah (pl. kehillot/s) | |||
| keili/kli (pl. kelim/keilim) | |||
| Kein Ayin hora ("kenayneh hora") | |||
| kelayim/kilayim | |||
| Keruvim/Qeruvim | Cherubim | ||
| kesher (pl. kesharim) | ● 'Kesher shel Kayamah' | קֶשֶׁר \ קְשָׁרִים | |
| Kesivah/Kesiva vechasima tova | |||
| ketannah/ketana (pl. ketanot/s) | |||
| Keter/Keser | Keter/Kether/Keṱer | (lit. crown) highest of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing the 'Divine will', 'infinite light', and highest level of consciousness | כֶּתֶר |
| Ketonet/Kesones | Priestly tunic; one of the 4 Bigdei Kehuna that the Aaronite Priests wore during Temple services | (כְּתֹנֶת (כֻּתֹּנֶת | |
| Ketoret/ketores | |||
| Ketubah/kesubah/kesuba (pl. kesubot/s) | |||
| Kevurah/kvurah | burial | ||
| kezayit/k'zayit/k'zayis (pl. kezeytim/kezeisim) | |||
| kibbud/kibud (pl. kibudim) | kibud/kibuḓ | (an) honoring ● Kibud melachim (lit. 'honoring of kings') royal honoring; attending to someone's every need | כִּבּוּד |
| Kibbud av va'em/va'eim | Kibud/Kibuḓ/Kibuḏ aḇ w̠â'ēm | honoring (one's) father and mother; one of the Ten Commandments | כִּיבּוּד אָב וָאֵם |
| Kiddush | |||
| Kiddush Levanah | |||
| Kimcha d'Pischa/kimcha d'pischa | Qimḥâ ḋ'Phisḥâ | (lit. 'Paschal flour') traditional Jewish charitable practice of providing the necessary provisions for the Passover holiday to those in need | קִמְחָא דְּפִסְחָא |
| Kinnot/Kinnos/kinnos | Qinoth/Qiṅoth | dirges, elegies; usually referring to Kinnot Tisha b'Av (קִינוֹת לְתִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב) | קִינוֹת\קִינּוֹת |
| kinyan (pl. kinyanim) | |||
| kippah/kippa (pl. kippot/s) | yarmulkah | ||
| Kiruv/kiruv | Qiruḇ | (OJ; lit. bringing close, near) outreach to (ethnic) Jews, usually ones that have little to no knowledge of religious Judaism, with the aim of strengthening their Jewish identity and observance | קִירוּב |
| Kisei HaKavod | |||
| kishuf | |||
| kisuy rosh (pl. kisuyei rosh) | כִּסּוּי רֹאשׁ \ כִּסּוּיֵי רֹאשׁ | ||
| kittel/kittl (pl. kittlach) | |||
| kitniyot/kitniyos | |||
| klaf (pl. klafim) | qlâph | parchment | קְלָף \ קְלָפִים |
| klal (pl. klalim/klalos/t) | klâl / klâlim (klâloth) | 1. prinicple, rule ● 'Yotzeh min haklal' (lit. 'takes out of the rule'): other than, different from the collective (group) 2. collective (of people) | כְּלָל (כְּלָלִים\כְּלָלוֹת) |
| Klal Yisrael | |||
| klallah (pl. klallos/t) | (n) curse | ||
| Kodesh (Ha)Kadoshim | (of the temple) Holy of Holies | ||
| kofer (pl. kofrim) | qophēr / qophrim | (lit. denier) a heretic | כּוֹפֵר \ כּוֹפְרִים |
| kofuy tova/tovah (pl. kefuyei tovah) | k'phuy ṭoḇâh | ungrateful person | כְּפוּי טוֹבָה \ כְּפוּיֵי טוֹבָה |
| Kohen Gadol (pl. Kohanim Gadolim) | High Priest of Israel | ||
| Kohen/kohen (pl. Kohanim) | person of Aaronite descent, elligible to serve as a priest (or High-Priest) in the Tabernacle and later, in the Jewish Temple | ||
| kol (pl. kolos/t) | voice | ||
| kol hakavod | |||
| korban (pl. korbanos) | qârbân / qârbânim | offering, sacrifice | קָרְבָּן \ קָרְבָּנוֹת |
| Korech/Korekh/Koreich | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | כּוֹרֵךְ | |
| Kosher/kosher | |||
| Kotel/Kosel | the Western Wall; Wailing Wall; short for 'Kotel/Kosel Hama'aravi' (lit. 'Western Wall') | ||
| Kri'ah/K'riah/Qeriah | tearing (usually used in the context of mourning, where the mourner tears their garment upon hearing of the death of a relative) | קריעה | |
| Kriat Yam-Suf/Krias Yam-suf | the splitting of the red-sea | ||
| Kriyah/Kri'ah² (n) (pl. kriyot/s) | (noun) reading (usually, from the Torah, and out loud) | קריאה | |
| Kriyas/Kriyat HaTorah | reading of the Torah (Bible) | קְרִיאַת הַתּוֹרָה | |
| ktav/ksav (pl. k'tavim/k'savim) | כְּתָב \ כְּתָבִים | ||
| kulah | leniency | ||
| kumzitz | |||
| Kvater/Kvaterin | ― | person honored with carrying a baby-boy to his circumcision, usually the godfather &/or godmother | קוואַטעֶר\קוואַטעֶרִין |
| l'Asid lavo/Le'atid lavo | lit. 'in the future to come' | לְעָתִיד לָבוֹא | |
| l'Chaim ul'Shalom/l'chaim u'l'shalom | |||
| l'chaim/lechaim/lechayim | 1. [Lechaim!] (lit. "To life!") "Cheers." 2. an alcoholic toast ● "Join us, we're having a l'chaim." | ||
| l'chatchilah/lechatchila/l'katchilah/lekatchila | |||
| l'chol/l'kol hadeos | |||
| l'Iluy Nishmat/l'iluy nishmas | |||
| l'kavod/lekavod | |||
| l'Kov'd/Lekavod Shabbat/Shabbos | |||
| Lag BaOmer/ba'Omer (alt. L"G BaOmer) | ל״ג בָּעוֹמֶר | ||
| Lashon HaKodesh | lit. holy tongue; (biblical) Hebrew | ||
| Lashon Hora | |||
| Lechem Hapanim/Lekhem Hapanim | |||
| Lechem Mishneh/Lekhem Mishneh | |||
| Lechem Oni/Lekhem Oni | לֶחֶם עֹנִי | ||
| lechora / lechorah / l'chora / lekhorah / lichora / lich'ora / lechoire / lichoira |
likhʾorâ | (lit. 'to the light') it would seem | לִכְאוֹרָה |
| lecht (pl. lecht'lach) | candles | ||
| Leil Shimurim | |||
| leining | reading aloud (usually from the Torah) | ||
| levayah (pl. levayos/t) | funeral | ||
| Levi/levi (pl. leviim/leviïm) | |||
| Litvak | |||
| Litvish | |||
| lo alenu/lo aleynu | |||
| loskshen/lukshen | 1. noodles, spaghetti (usually; soup noodles) 2. made up stories | ||
| luach | luaḥ | (lit. 'tablet') 1. calendar 2. informational board of some sort | לוּחַ |
| Luchot/Luchos | |||
| lulav (pl. lulavim) | 1 of the Arba'ah Minim | ||
| Ma Nishtana | |||
| Ma'ariv/maariv | Maʿariḇ | 1. west 2. (col.) night-prayer; synonym of 'Arvit' | מַעֲרִיב |
| Ma'aser/maaser | ● Maaser Sheni: ● Maaser ani: | ||
| maamin/ma'amin (pl. ma'aminim) | believer | ||
| maaseh/ma'aseh (pl. ma'asim (yid. 'maases')) | 1. story 2. deed, act | (yid: מַעֲשִׂיּוֹת) מַעֲשֶׂה \ מַעֲשִׂים | |
| Maaser Sheni | |||
| maasim tovim | good deeds | ||
| Mabul/mabbul | |||
| machloket/machlokes (pl. macahlokos/t) | dispute; can be a general dispute or all-out feud | מַחֲלוֹקֶת \ מַחֲלוֹקוֹת | |
| machmir (v) | |||
| machmir (n) (pl. machmirim) | |||
| machshiv | value something positively; recognize something's worth | ||
| Machtzit/s Hashekel | Maḥăṣith Haṧeqel | מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל | |
| machzor (pl. machzorim) | |||
| madregah/madreigah/madreiga (pl. madregos/t) | |||
| Maftir/maftir | מפטיר | ||
| Magen David (pl. Mag'nei David) | מָגֵן דָּוִד \ מָגִנֵּי דָּוִד | ||
| maggid/Maggid (pl. maggidim) | maġid/maġiḓ | storyteller, orator | מַגִּיד |
| Maggid² | Maġid/Maġiḓ | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | מַגִּיד |
| Makat Bechorot/Makas Bechoros | |||
| Makat Hoshekh/Makas Choshech | |||
| makir tov (v) | |||
| makir tov (n) (pl. makirei tov) | |||
| makka (pl. makkot/s) | |||
| makpid | |||
| makriv | |||
| malach (pl. malachim) | angel | ||
| Malachei Hasharet/Hashareis | Malăkhē Haṧârēth | מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת | |
| Malchut/malchus | Malkhuth/malkhuṱ | 1. kingdom 2. royalness, regality 3. Malchut: one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing sovereignty, leadership, and physical manifestation | מַלְכוּת |
| mamash | |||
| mamme lushen | mother tongue (usually referring to Yiddish) | ||
| mamzer (pl. mamzerim) | |||
| mann/Mann/Man | |||
| manhig (pl. manhigim) | |||
| Maoz Tzur/Tsur | |||
| Maran Harav | |||
| Marror/marror | 1. 'bitter herb' eaten on Passover 2. 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | מָרוֹר | |
| Masechta (pl. masechtot/s) | (Aramaic) Tractate of the Talmud or Mishna | ||
| Masekhet/maseches (pl. masechot/s) | Tractate of the Talmud or Mishna | ||
| mashal/mashul (pl. mashalim) | parable | ||
| Mashiach/Moshiach | the messiah | ||
| masorti | |||
| Matan Torah | |||
| Matanat la'Evyonim/Matanas l'evyonim | |||
| matir/mattir | to permit something which was (or under normal circumstances, still is) forbidden | ||
| matzah (pl. matzot/s) | |||
| matzav (pl. matzavim) | |||
| matzevah/matzeivah (pl. matzevot/s) | |||
| matzliach | to succeed/be succesful ● to be matzliach: to be successful | ||
| Mazzal-Tov/Mazzaltov/Mazeltov | congratulations | ||
| mazzel/mazzal | luck | ||
| Me'en Olam Haba/Mei'ein Olam Haba | Mēʿēn ʿOlâm Habâh | (lit. 'kind of'/'like' heaven) foretaste of heaven; said about sth you find so enjoyable, you think it could have a tiny similarity to heaven | מֵעֵין עוֹלָם הַבָּא |
| Me'il | Priestly robe; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | מְעִיל | |
| Me'orat Hamakhpelah/Meoras Hamachpelah | Meʿârath Haṁakhpēlâh | Cave of Machpelah, a.k.a. Cave of the Patriarchs, located in Hebron; one of the holiest sites in Judaism as it is the burial place of the patriarchs and matriarchs | מְעָרַת הַמַּכְפֵּלָה |
| mechalel Shabbat/Shabbos | 1. (v) to desecrate the sabbath 2. (n) person that desecrates the Sabbath | ||
| mechanech (pl. mechanchim) | educators | ||
| mechanechet/s (pl. mechanchot/s) | educators | ||
| Mechayeh metim / mechayei meisim | lit.: "resurrects/resurrecting the dead"; reference to God as the "Resurrector of the Dead"; short for "Mechayeh Hametim" | מְחַיֵּה הַמֵּתִים | |
| mechayev/mechayeiv | |||
| mechazeik/mechazek | |||
| mechila | 1. forgiveness 2. (noun, count.) (pl. mechilos/t) (one) act of forgiveness | ||
| mechitzah (pl. mechitzot/s) | |||
| mechubad | |||
| mechutan (pl. mechutanim) | |||
| mechutzaf (pl. mechutzafim) | |||
| medina (pl. medinot/s) | |||
| Medinat Yisrael/Yisra'el | State of Israel | ||
| megillah (pl. megillot/s) | |||
| Mehadrin (min HaMehadrin) | |||
| meizid (pl. meizidim) | |||
| mekabel | |||
| mekabel panim | |||
| mekabel tumah | |||
| mekadesh/mekadeish | |||
| Mekakh Ta'ut/mekach ta'us | |||
| Mekubbal/mekubal (pl. mekubbalim) | מְקוּבָּל | ||
| melacha (pl. melachos/t) | |||
| Melaveh Malka (pl. melavei malkah) | מְלַוֵּה מַלְכָּא \ מְלַוֵּי מַלְכָּא | ||
| Melech Malchei HaMelachim | (lit. 'King ruler of Kings') King of Kings (meaning: God) | ||
| Menorah/menorah (pl. menorot/s) | |||
| mensch/mentsch | |||
| menschlichkeit/mentschlichkeit | |||
| menucha | |||
| Merkazi | ― | (lit. centered one) main prayer/study-room of a synagogue | מֶרְכַּזִי |
| merkhava/merchava/merkava | |||
| meshabe'ach/meshabeäch | |||
| meshuga/meshigge | |||
| meshuggener | |||
| meshulach (pl. meshulachim) | 1. person that travels around collecting money for the poor and needy 2. Chabad shliach | ||
| mesorah (pl. mesoros/t) | mesorâh/mesoroth/mesoroṱ | traditions (persumed to be) transmitted (accurately) throughout the generations as they pertain to religious laws | מְסוֹרָה \ מְסוֹרוֹת |
| metaher/metaheir | |||
| metamei | |||
| Metzitza b'peh | |||
| Metzorah (pl. metzoraim) | |||
| mevater | |||
| Mezuman (Mezumen) | ● Mezumen Bentshing | ||
| Mezuzah/mezuzah (pl. mezuzot/s) | |||
| Mi-Sheberach/misheberach/ mishebeirach/mi-sheberakh |
|||
| Michnasayim/Mikhnasayim | Mikhnâsayim (Mikhnesē Ḇâd/Ḇâḓ/Habaḓ) | (lit.: pants) Priestly undergarments; one of the 4 Bigdei Kehuna that the Aaronite Priests wore during Temple services (in the Bible, called "michnesei vad/habad" meaning 'cloth pants', 'pants that (are) cloth'n' respectively) | (מִכְנָסַיִם (מִכְנְסֵי בָד\מִכְנְסֵי הַבָּד |
| michschol (pl. michsholos/t) | |||
| midbar (pl. midbarim) | מִדְבָּר \ מִדְבָּרִים | ||
| middah (pl. middot/s) | miḋâh | literally: 'measure'; 1. (character) trait 2. attribute ● middah k'negged middah (usually referring to God's wrath): measure for measure | מִדָּה |
| middot/middos | character traits, morals (plural of middah) ● middot tovot: good (character) traits | ||
| mikvah (pl. mikvaot/s) | |||
| milchig | ― | (Yiddish) having the halachik status of dairy, either as a result of coming into contact, being mixed with, or simply being, dairy; syn.: 'chalavi' (Hebrew) | |
| milchigs | ― | (Yiddish) 1. (noun) milchig foods 2. (adj.) 2. malapropism of milchig | |
| Mimuna/Mimouna | |||
| Mincha/mincha | |||
| minhag (pl. minhagim) | minhâg/minhâgim | (localized) customs and religious practises that have become the norm (in certain communities) but of whom it is admitted they are not stricly speaking (Torah) law | מִנְהָג \ מִנְהָגִים |
| minyan (pl. minyanim) | |||
| mipnei seivah takum | |||
| Mishkan (pl. mishkanim) | |||
| Mishloach manot | |||
| Mishnah/mishna (pl. mishnayot/s) | |||
| mishpachah (pl. mishpachos/t) | |||
| mishpat (pl. mishpatim) | |||
| Misnagdim/Mitnagdim | |||
| misyavnim/mityavnim | mithyâw̠nim | (lit. the hellenized ones) hellenists | מִתְיָוְנִים |
| mitbonen/misbonen | |||
| mitpallel/mispallel (pl. mitpallelim) | |||
| Mitznefet/Mitznefes | Priestly turban; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services; the turban the regular Aaronite Priests wore was called a 'migbahath' | מִצְנֶפֶת | |
| mitzvah/mitsvah (pl. mitvot/mitvos) | |||
| mitzvos umaasim tovim | |||
| Mizbeach (pl. mizbechot/s) | מִזְבֵּחַ \ מִזְבְּחוֹת | ||
| mizrach | east | ||
| Mizrachi/mizrachi/mizrahi (pl. mizrachim (yid. 'mizrachniks') | |||
| Mo'ed/Moed | |||
| Moadim l’simcha - Chagim u’zemanim l’sason | |||
| mofes (pl. mofsim) | |||
| mohel (pl. mohelim) | |||
| Morah | |||
| Morenu/Moreinu | ● Moreinu Harav | ||
| moser | |||
| Moser Nefesh/moser nefesh | Mosēr nephesh | מוֹסֵר נֶפֶשׁ | |
| Motze/Motse/Motzaei Shabbat/Shabbos | |||
| Motsi Shem Ra (pl. motzaei shem ra) | 1. slander 2. slanderer | מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע \ מוֹצָאֵי שֵׁם רָע | |
| Motsi-Matzah/Motzi-Matzah | Moṣiʾ Maṩâh | 1 or 2 (depending on who you ask) of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | מוֹצִיא מַצָּה |
| musag (pl. musagim) | |||
| Mussaf/mussaf (pl. mussafim) | |||
| Mussar Haskeil | |||
| Mussar/mussar/musar | musar | 1. morals, ethics, ethical teachings 2. to "give someone mussar" = to lecture someone, preach ethical teachings to them ● musar drashah (מוּסר דרָשׁה): diatribe, morality speech; musar shmuess (מוּסר שׁמוּעס): lecture on morality | מוּסַר |
| muttar | |||
| naar/na'ar (pl. ne'arim) | 1. boy, youth (younger than 13) 2. idiot | נַעַר\נְעָרִים | |
| na'arah/naarah (pl. ne'aros/t) | girl, young woman (in Talmudic law; a girl between the age of 12 and 12.5) | נַעֲרָה\נְעָרוֹת | |
| nachat/nachas | נַחַת | ||
| nachat ruach/nachas ruach | |||
| Navi/navi (pl. neviim/neviïm/nevi'im) | |||
| nazir (pl. nezirim) | |||
| nebach | |||
| nebachdik | |||
| nebbie | |||
| nechamah/nechama (pl. nechamot/s) | |||
| nedavah (pl. nedavot/s) | |||
| neder (pl. nedarim/t) | |||
| nekamah | neqâmâh | 1. (noun, uncount.) revenge 2. (noun, count.) (pl. nekamos/t) an act of revenge | נְקָמָה\נְקָמוֹת |
| nekevah/nekeiva (pl. nekevot/nekeivos) | |||
| nekudah (pl. nekudot/s) | |||
| ner (pl. nerot/neiros) | candle | ||
| nes/neis (pl. nissim) | nēs | miracle ● neis nigleh: open miracle | נֵס |
| neshamah/neshama (pl. neshamot/s) | soul ● Yetzias Neshama (lit. exit of the soul): moment of a person's passing | ||
| Nesiyat Kapayim | |||
| netilat yadayim | |||
| (ha)Netz HaChamah | |||
| Netzach/Netzah | Neṣaḥ | (lit. victory) one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing endurance, ambition, and the drive for success | נֵצַח |
| nevuah (pl. nevuot/nevuos) | |||
| Nezirut/nezirus | |||
| Nichum Aveilim | |||
| Niflaot HaBorei/HaBoirei | Niphlʾōth HaBōrē/Niphlâōth HaBōrē | נִפְלְאוֹת הַבּוֹרֵא \ נִפְלָאוֹת הַבּוֹרֵא | |
| niftar | niphṭâr | (lit. 'removed') 1. died ● "* was niftar": * has passed away 2. (pl. niftarim (נִפְטָרִים)) person that has (recently) died | נִפְטָר |
| niggun (pl. niggunim) | |||
| nimshal (pl. nimshalim) | |||
| niqqud | |||
| Nirtzah/Nirtza/nirtza | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | נִרְצָה | |
| nisayon (pl. nisyonot/s) | |||
| nissim v'niflaot/s | |||
| Nisuch Hamayim | |||
| Nosar/noser | |||
| nose/nosei b'ol (im chavero) | Nōśē ḇʿōl ʿim ḥaḇērō | (lit. carrying, accepting the burden) sharing the burden (with his friend); often used to mean 'sharing (in) another person's pain' | נוֹשֵׂא בְעֹל (נושא בעול)\ נוֹשֵׂא בְעֹל עִם חֲבֵרוֹ |
| nu | |||
| nusach (pl. nusachim) | |||
| Nusach Ashkenaz | |||
| Nusach Sepharad | |||
| Nusach Sfard | |||
| ober chacham (chs: "oiber chuchem") | |||
| ohel (pl. ohalim) | |||
| Ohel Mo'ed/Moed/Moi'eid | |||
| Ohev Shalom v'Rodef Shalom | |||
| Ol (pl. ulim) | (n) yoke, burden, responsibility | עוֹל\עֹל \ עוּלּים\עֻלִּים | |
| Olah (pl. olot/s) | |||
| Olah Regel | |||
| Olam Ha'Elyon (o.p.a. Olem Ha'Elyon) | |||
| Olam Haba | ʿOlâm Habâh | lit.: "The World to Come"; the next life, afterlife ● Me'ein Olam Haba: foretaste of Olam Haba | עוֹלָם הַבָּא |
| Olam Hazeh | ʿOlâm Haẓ̇eh | lit.: "This World"; opposite of the afterlife; life on Earth | עוֹלָם הַזֶּה |
| Oleh/oleh (pl. olim) | ● Oleh chadash: | ||
| Onan (Onen) (pl. onenim) | אוֹנֵן \ אוֹנְנִים | ||
| Oneg Shabbos | |||
| Oneg Yomtov | |||
| ones/oness/oneis (pl. anosim/onasim) | onẹs (pl. ănâsim/aṅâsim/â̆nâsim/onâsim) | (lit. forced, compulsion) 1. situation where a person had no choice but to do sth or have sth inflicted upon them 2. (v.)(singular) rape 3. (n.) rape | אוֹנֵס\אֹנֶס \ אֲנָסִים\אַנָּסִים\אֳנָסִים\אוֹנָסִים |
| or/ohr (pl. orot/s) | light | אוֹר \ אוֹרוֹת | |
| Orach Chaim | |||
| Orei Miklat | |||
| Orlah (Orloh) | |||
| os/ot/ois (pl. otiot/osyos/oisyos) | letter (of an alphabet) | אוֹת \ אוֹתִיוֹת | |
| Ovdei kochavim | |||
| oy | ― | oh (no); short for oy vey | |
| oy vey (iz mir) (chs: oy/oi vay) | ― | lit. "oh woe (is (to) me)"; expression expressing anguish or frustration; similar phrase: 'oh no'; often used as a dog-whistle by antisemites | |
| p'sak/psak (pl. psakim) | פְּסַק \ פְּסָקִים | ||
| pachad | |||
| Parah Adumah/parah adumah | |||
| parashah/parshah/parsha (pl. parshiot/s) | פרשה | ||
| parnassah/parnasa | |||
| Paroh/Paroih/Paroy/paroih | Parʿoh/Pharʿoh | 1. (paroh) a pharaoh 2. (Paroh) when referring to a specific pharaoh, usually the pharaoh in the book of Exodus | פַּרְעֹה\פַרְעה |
| parokhet/paroches (pl. parochot/s) | pârōkheth/pârōkheṱ | curtain (or veil) that covers the Ark (Aron Kodesh) in a synagogue, which houses the Torah scrolls | פָּרוֹכֶת |
| Parshat Hashavuah/Parshas hashovua | Parshath Haṧâḇuʿa | פַּרְשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ | |
| passuk (pl. pesukim) | |||
| passul/pasul | |||
| Pe'ah/Peah | |||
| peleh/pele | |||
| perek (pl. perakim) | chapter | ||
| perush/peirush (pl. peirushim) | |||
| Perushim/Prushim | Pharisees | ||
| Pesach | Passover | ||
| Pesicha | |||
| Peter Chamor/Petter Chamor | |||
| Peter Rechem/Petter Rechem | Pẹṭẹr Rẹḥẹm | lit.: "Redemption of the firstborn" Biblical commandment allowing parents to keep their firstborn child-son by paying a sum of money (or item of equivalent value) to an Aaronite priest (Kohen) ● (reform) Kiddush Peter Rechem: Kiddush ceremony celebrating the redemption of a couple's firstborn child-son (in Orthodox Judaism called: 'Pidyon HaBen' ) | פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם |
| petirah (pl. petiros/t) | |||
| peyos/t | |||
| Pidyon HaBen | |||
| Pidyon Shvuyim | |||
| pikuach nefesh | |||
| pilegesh (pl. pilagshim) | concubine | ||
| piyut/piyyut (pl. piyutim) | piẏuṭ | (Jewish) liturgical poems or hymns; also spelled 'Piyut/Piyutim' (when referring to specific piyutim) | פִּיּוּט\פִּיּוּטִים |
| pogrom | |||
| pshat (pl. pshatim) | |||
| punkt | |||
| Purim | |||
| Purim seuda | |||
| Purim shpiel | |||
| pushke/pishke | |||
| ra'ayon/raayon (pl. ra'ayonot/s) | raʿeyon/raʿăyon | when a person has a 'ra'ayon' , they have an insight, reflection, contemplation that they want to share or they feel provides something interesting to think about | רַעְיוֹן\רַעֲיוֹן \ רַעְיוֹנוֹת |
| raayeh | indication that sth is true; proof | רְאָיָה | |
| Rabbosai/Rabbotai/rabbosai (rabboisai) | |||
| Rachmana/rachmana litzlan | |||
| rachmanut/rachmanus | pity, mercy | רַחְמָנוּת\רַחֲמָנוּת | |
| Rachtza/Rahtza | Raḥṣâ/Raḥăṣâ | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | רַחֲצָה\רַחְצָה |
| Rasha/rasha (pl. rashot/s) | wicked person, evil person | ||
| Rebbe/rebbe | |||
| rechilut/rechilus | |||
| Refuah Sheleimah/refuah sheleima | (may you have) a complete recovery (lit. cure) | ||
| remez (pl. remazim) | רֶמֶז | ||
| reshut/reshus/r'shut/r'shus (pl. reshuyot/s) | רְשׁוּת \ רְשׁוּיוֹת | ||
| ribbit/ribbis | ribith | (of a loan) interest | רִיבִּית |
| rimon (pl. rimonim) | |||
| Rosh Chodesh | |||
| Rosh Hashanah | |||
| rov/ruv | |||
| Ruach Hakodesh/ruach hakodesh | |||
| ruchniyut/ruchniyus | ruḥâniẏuth | רוּחָנִיּוּת | |
| safek (pl. s'fekot/s) | |||
| sakanah (pl. sakanos/t) | danger | ||
| Sakanos Nefashos/sakanos nefashos/sakanat nefashot | mortal danger | ||
| sandek/sandak | sanḋâq | person honored at a Jewish brit milah (circumcision) ceremony, to hold the baby boy on the knees or thighs while the mohel performs the brit milah, or by handing the baby to the mohel; compare: kvater | סַנְדָּק |
| Sanhedrin | |||
| sason vesimcha/v'simcha | |||
| Satan (HaMashchis) | Śâṭân Hamashḥith | Satan (the Destroyer) | שָׂטָן (הַמַשְׁחִית) |
| schach/skhakh | סְכָךְ | ||
| schar/skhar/s'char/s'khar / skha'ar/scha'ar/skhaar/schaar/s'cha'ar/s'kha'ar | śâkhâr | reward, often referring to heavenly reward ● skhaar v'onesh: reward and punishment | שָׂכָר |
| schlep/shlep | |||
| schnorrer | |||
| schnorring | |||
| sechel hayashar | straight-thinking mind | ||
| sechel/seichel | 1. (lit.) brain 2. brains, smarts, intelligence | ||
| seder (pl. sakanos/t) | |||
| Sefardi/Sephardi/Sepharadi (pl. Sephardim) | |||
| sefer (pl. sefarim) | Jewish religious book | ||
| Sefer Torah (pl. Sifrei Torah) | Torah scroll | ||
| Sefirat Ha'omer/Sefiras HaOmer | |||
| segulah (pl. segulot/s) | |||
| Selichot/Selichos | |||
| Sephirah/Sefirah | |||
| Sephirot/Sefiros | |||
| Seudat Hamafseket/Seudas Hamafsekes | Seʿudath/Seʿuḓath Haṁaphseqeth | final meal eaten before the onset of Yom Kippur | סְעוּדַת הַמַּפְסֶקֶת |
| Seudat Havra'ah/Seudas Havra'ah | Seʿuḋath/Seʿuḓath Haḇrâʾâh | סְעוּדַּת הַבְרָאָה | |
| Seudat Hoda'ah/Seudas Hoda'ah | |||
| Seudat Mitzvah/Seudas Mitzvah | |||
| Seudat Preidah/Seudas Preidah | סְעוּדַת פְּרֵידָה | ||
| Seudat Shlishit/Seudas Shelishis | |||
| sha'atnez/shatnez | |||
| Shabbat (pl. shabbatot) | Jewish sabbath ● Shabbat shalom: 'Have a good Sabbath.' | ||
| Shabbaton | |||
| Shabbos (pl. shabbasos) | (ashk) Jewish sabbath ● Gut Shabbos: 'Have a good Sabbath.' | ||
| Shabbos Chol Hamoed | |||
| Shabbos goy | |||
| shachein tov | good neighbour | ||
| Shaday/Shadai | one of God's names | ||
| Shaharit/shachrit/shachris | |||
| shaliach/shliach/shaliaḥ (pl. shluchim) | shâliaḥ | 1. person fulfilling a task for someone else; agent, emissary, messenger 2. Chabad Shliach | שָלִיחַ |
| shalom | (lit. peace) 1. hello 2. one of the names of God | ||
| shalom bayit/bayis | |||
| Shalom/shalom aleichem | "Peace be upon you." | ||
| Shalosh Regalim | |||
| Shalosh Seudos/Shalosh-Seudos/shalosheudos (also spelled: shalushudis) | |||
| Shavuot/Shavuos | |||
| She'eno Yodea Lishol/she'eino yodeia lishol | |||
| She'ol/sheol | |||
| Shechinah/Shekhinah/shechina | שְׁכִינָה | ||
| shechitah | (ritual) slaughter | ||
| Shed/shed/shayd/shaid (pl. shaydim) | |||
| shefah/shefa | |||
| shefele | |||
| sheker | |||
| shem/sheim (pl. shemot/s) | name | ||
| Shema/Shema Yisrael | |||
| Shemini Atzeret/Shmini Atzeres | Shmini/Shemini ʿĂṣ́ereth | ʿĂṣ́ereṱ | (lit. 'Eighth Day of Assembly') Jewish holiday immediately following Sukkot, marked by the prayer for rain and celebrating the conclusion of the Torah (weekly reading tradition where the final reading takes place on this holiday) | שְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת |
| shemirah/shmirah/shmira (pl. shmirot/s) | |||
| Shemirah/Shmirah/Shmira² | |||
| shemittah/shemita/shmita | |||
| Shemot/shemos | |||
| shep nachas | |||
| sheretz (pl. sheratzim) | |||
| Sheva Brachot/Brachos | שֶׁבַע בְּרָכוֹת | ||
| Shevarim/shevarim | |||
| shevuah/shvuah/shvua (pl. shvuot/s) | |||
| sheyichye | |||
| sheʾifot/sheʾifos | |||
| shfihat damim/shfichas damim | Shephikhath ḋâmim | שְׁפִיכַת דָּמִים | |
| shidduch (pl. shidduchim) | |||
| Shikchah/shikcha | Shikheḥâh/Ṧikheḥâh | שִׁכְחָה\שִּׁכְחָה | |
| shiksa | שִיקסעֶ | ||
| Shiluach hakan/ha'ken | |||
| shimush | everything related to the servicing of a person or synagogue | ||
| Shira | |||
| Shisha Sidrei Mishnah | |||
| shivah | |||
| Shivas/Shivat Haminim | |||
| Shkiah | short for Shkiat Hachamah | ||
| Shkias/Shkiat Hachamah | |||
| shl'mazel | |||
| shlach manos | short for Mishloach Manos | ||
| shliach (pl. shluchim) | shâliaḥ | alt. spelling of shaliach | שָלִיחַ |
| Shliach-Tzibbur/Shliach Tsibbur | |||
| Shloshim/shloshim | |||
| shmad | |||
| shmatte | |||
| Shmoneh Esreh/Shmonei Esrei | שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה | ||
| shmooze/shmoozing | |||
| Shmura/shmura (matzah) | |||
| shmuess/shmuz | |||
| shnur/shnier | (yiddish) daughter in law | שׁנוּר | |
| shochet (n) (pl. shochtim) | person that slaughters animals for meat according to religious Jewish law; butcher; slaughterer | ||
| shogeg/shoggeg/shogeig (pl. shogegim) | |||
| Shomer Shabbos (pl. shomrei Shabbos) | |||
| shtender | |||
| shtiebl (pl. shtieblach) | |||
| shuk | market(place) | שׁוּק | |
| shul | synagogue | ||
| Shulchan Arukh/Aruch | שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך | ||
| Shulchan Orech/Oreich | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | שֻׁלְחָן עוֹרֵךְ | |
| Shushan Purim | |||
| shutaf (pl. shutfim) | |||
| shutfos/shutfes | |||
| sicha (pl. sichos/t) | |||
| siddur (pl. siddurim) | |||
| sikkum (pl. sikumim) | |||
| siman (pl. simanim) | sign | ||
| simanim | 1. plural of siman; "The Simanim": the 14/15 orders of the Passover-Seder | ||
| simcha (pl. simchot/s) | 1. happiness 2. | ||
| simchas hachaim | joy of life | ||
| Simchas/Simchat Torah | |||
| sinas chinam | |||
| siyum (pl. siyumim) | סִיוּם \ סִיוּמִים | ||
| Sod/sod | 1.[Sod] 2. [sod] secret | סוֹד | |
| sof sof | |||
| sofer (pl. sofrim) | |||
| Sotah/sotah (pl. sotos/t) | סוֹטָה \ סוֹטוֹת | ||
| Sukkot/Sukkos | |||
| Syog/S'yog | ● 'Syog l'chochmah shtikah': | ||
| T'kyo/tekio | |||
| t'nai/tnai (pl. t'naim) | |||
| ta'am/taam | |||
| Ta'anis/Taanit Esther | תַּעֲנִית אֶסְתֵּר | ||
| ta'anit/taanis (pl. taaneisim) | (noun) fast(-day) | ||
| taavah (pl. taavot/s) | |||
| Tachanun/tachanun | |||
| tachrichim/tachrichin | takhrikhim/takhrikhin | burial shrouds | תַּכְרִיכִים\תַּכְרִיכִין |
| tachus/tochus/tuches | butt | ||
| tafkid | purpose, function | תַּפְקִיד | |
| Taharah/taharah | |||
| tahor | |||
| takanah (pl. takanot/s) | |||
| Tallit/tallis (pl. taleitim/taleisim) | |||
| talmid (pl. talmidim) | student | ||
| Talmud Bavli | the Babylonian Talmud | ||
| Talmud Yerushalmi | the Jerusalem Talmud | ||
| tam | |||
| tamei | ṭâmēʾ | (ritualistically or spiritually) impure | טָמֵא |
| tamim | |||
| Tanakh/Tanach | Tanakh | the Hebrew Bible; acronym of Torah, Nevi'im, Ketuvim (תּוֹרָה, נְבִיאִים, כְּתוּבִים) (Pentateuch, Prophets, and Writings) | תַּנַ״ךְ |
| Tanchumim/tanchumin | Tanḥumim/tanḥumin | תַּנְחוּמִים\תַּנְחוּמִין | |
| Tannah/Tanna (pl. Tannaim/Tannaïm) | (Talmudic) Sage | ||
| tashlumim/tashlumin | tashlumim/tashlumin | reimbursement; financial compensation | תַּשְׁלוּמִים\תַּשְׁלוּמִין |
| Techelet/techeles | |||
| Techiat Hametim/Techias Hamesim (techias hamesim) | Teḥiẏath Haṁēthim/Haṁēṱim | resurrecion of the dead | תְּחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים |
| tefach/tefah (pl. tefachim) | ṭephaḥ | (biblical measurements) width of the palm of an adult hand; handbreadth | טֶפַח |
| tefillah (pl. tefillot/s) | |||
| Tefillin/tefillin | |||
| Tehillim | |||
| teivah | |||
| Temani/Teymani/Teimani (pl. Temanim) | (Hebrew) Yemenite person | ||
| Terua/terua | |||
| Terumah/terumah (pl. terumot/s) | |||
| terumos/maasros | |||
| Teshuvah/teshuvah | |||
| Tevilah/tevillah/tvilah (pl. tvilot/s) | |||
| tichel (pl. tichelach) | |||
| Tiferet/Tipheret/Tiferes | Tiphereth/Tiphereṱ | one of the 10 Sefirot (emanations of God) in kabbalistic tradition representing harmony and compassion | תִּפְאֶרֶת |
| tikkun (pl. tikkunim) | |||
| Tikun/Tikkun Ha'olam/Ha'Olam/Tikkun Olam | |||
| Tishah/Tisha b'Av | תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב | ||
| Tochacha | |||
| tohu v'vohu | |||
| Torah | Torâh | 1. the Pentateuch; first five books of the Jewish Bible 2. the (entire) Jewish Bible; Tanakh (in Christianity: the Old Testament) 3. (in Orthodox Judaism) all of Jewish religious law, including the Talmud | תּוֹרָה |
| treif | |||
| tza'ar/tsa'ar/tsaar/tzaar | pain, suffering | ||
| Tsa'ar ba'alei chaim | |||
| Tsarot/tsaros | (pl. of tsarah) troubles; afflictions | ||
| Tzeis/Tset Hakochavim | |||
| Tu b'Sh'vat/Tu Bishvat | |||
| tumah | (ritualistic or spiritual) impureness | ||
| Tumat Met/Tumas Meis | |||
| Tzaddik/tsaddik (pl. tzaddikim) | |||
| Tzadeket/tsadekes (pl. tzadikot/s) | צַדֶּקֶת \ צַדִּיקוֹת | ||
| Tzadokim (=Zadokim) | Saduccees | ||
| tzafon/tsafon | (the) north | ||
| Tzafun/Tsafun | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | צָפוּן | |
| tzara'at/tzara'as/tsaraas | |||
| Tzedakah pushke | |||
| Tzedakah/tzedakah//tzedaka | |||
| tzedek tzedek tirdof | |||
| Tzelem Elohim/Tselem Elohim | |||
| Tzeva'os | one of the names of God | ||
| tzibbur | צִבּוּר | ||
| Tzitz/Tzits | Ṣiṣ | Priestly headplate; one of the 8 Bigdei Kehuna that the High Priest wore during Temple services | צִיץ |
| Tzitzit/tzitzis | צִיצִית | ||
| tziyun | |||
| Tzur/Zur Yisrael | |||
| umos/umot ha'olam | |||
| Urim v'Tumim | |||
| Ushpizin/ushpizin | |||
| vach nacht | |||
| Vayikrah | |||
| venahafoch hu/venahapoch hu | w̠enahaphokh hu | (lit. "and it was turned around"), quote from Megillat Esther, used to urge people to behave abnormally on the festival of Purim | וְנַהֲפוֹךְ הוּא |
| Viduy | |||
| vort (pl. vertlech) | 1. (lit.) word ● "a gut vort" (lit.: a good word); aphorism 2. synonym of dvar Torah | ||
| Yachatz | 1 of the 14/15 Simanim of Pesach | יַחַץ | |
| Yah | one of the names of God | ||
| Yahrtzeit/yahrtzeit/yohrtseyt/yortseit | anniversary of a person's death | ||
| yarmulkah/yarmulka/yarmulke/yamaka | |||
| yasom (pl. yasomim) | male orphan | ||
| yasomah/yesomah (pl. yesomot/s) | female orphan | ||
| yayin | wine | ||
| Yehovah/Jehovah (Yad Heh, Vav Heh) | (one of) the holiest version(s) of God's* name (*the god of The Bible) | יְהוָֹה | |
| Yekke/yekke | |||
| Yemos/Yemot HaMashiach | |||
| yente | |||
| yerusha (pl. yerushot/s) | |||
| Yeshivah/yeshiva (pl. yeshivot/s) | |||
| Yeshivish/yeshivish | |||
| Yeshuat Hashem k'heref ayin | יְשׁוּעַת ה׳ כְּהֶרֶף עָיִן | ||
| yesod (pl. yesodos/t) | 1. foundation (e.g. of a building) 2. basis of a person's belief/convictions; foundational argument; foundational point 3. Yesod: one of the ten Sefirot (emanations of God) in the Tree of Life in Kabbalah, representing the fundamental principles of existence and the underlying structure of the universe | יְסוֹד | |
| Yetser Hora/yetzer hora | bad inclination | ||
| Yetzer Tov/yetzer tov | good inclination | ||
| Yetzias/Yetziat Mitzrayim | |||
| yevamah (pl. yevamot/s) | |||
| Yevanim | 'the Yevanim' = the Greek (normally referring to the Seleucids during the Second Temple period) | ||
| Yibum/yibum | יבום | ||
| yichus | yiḥus | lineage, ancestry | יִחוּס |
| Yiddishkeit | |||
| Yisrael | (the Land of) Israel; the people (of) Israel (i.e. Jewish people) | ||
| yissurim | |||
| Yizkor | |||
| Yom HaDin | lit. 'Day of Judgement'; alternative name of Yom Kippur | ||
| Yom HaShoah | |||
| Yom Kippur | |||
| Yom Tov/Yom-Tov/yom-tov/yomtov/YomTov (also spelled: yontif/yontiff/yuntiff) | YomṬoḇ | (pl. Yamim-Tovim)(lit. good day) (most) Jewish holiday(s) ● "Gut Yomtov", "Good Yom-Tov": 'Have a good yomtov.' | |
| Yosef shpiel | |||
| Yovel | |||
| Yud-Gimmel Middot/Middos | |||
| zachar (pl. zecharim) | |||
| Zadokim | Saduccees | ||
| zechut/zchus (pl. zechusim) | (the) merit | ||
| zemirot/zmiros | |||
| Zimmun/zimmun | |||
| zivug (pl. zivugim) | |||
| zivug sheini | |||
| zman | 1. time 2. period of time (pl. zmanim) | ||
| znut/znus | adultery | זְנוּת | |
| zonah/zoneh (pl. zonos/t) | adulteress | ||
| zonein (pl. zonenim) | adulterer |
Bibliography
edit- Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
- Babylonian Mishna.
- Jerusalem Mishna.
- Babylonian Talmud.
- Jerusalem Talmud.
- "hebrew-academy.org.il". hebrew-academy.org.il. Academy of the Hebrew Language. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
- Klein, Ernest, ed. (January 1987) [October 1965]. "A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary Of The Hebrew Language For Readers Of English". Klein Dictionary. Carta Jerusalem. ISBN 965-220-093-X.
- "yiddish.english-dictionary.help". english-dictionary.help. BD WORD. Retrieved May 29, 2024.
- "yiddishwordoftheweek.tumblr.com". tumblr.com. Retrieved May 29, 2024.