Here are the deaths caused by specific political leaders. The deaths are attributed both to the domestic situation due to state policy and to active killings by the military loyal to the leader in question.
| leader | low estimate | high estimate | synergistic avg | place | start | finish | period | remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mao Zedong | 20,185,000 | 84,929,000[1][2] | 41,404,008 | People's Republic of China | 1946 | 1976 | 30 years | Critics of Mao Zedong have argued Mao's China saw unprecedented losses of human life through inhuman economic policies such as the Great Leap Forward, slave labor through the Laogai, violent political purges such as the Cultural Revolution the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries, and class extermination through land reform The estimate of the minimum death toll is the sum of the minimum estimate of famine dead (11.6 million),[3] land reform and Campaign to Suppress Counterrevilutionaries dead (200,000)[4], China Civil War (8,000,000) and Cultural Revolution dead (400,000)[5] plus the minimum killed in the 1959 Tibetan uprising (85,000 to 87,000)
「History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)」も参照 |
| Genghis Khan | 30,000,000 | 57,000,000 | 41,352,146 | Eurasia | 1206 | 1227 | 21 years | The number of the death toll containes the result of the conquests of Mongol Empire which he started and passed down to his descendants. |
| Adolf Hitler | 35,740,000 | 45,759,692 | 40,440,715 | Europe under Nazi Germany | 1934 | 1945 | 11 years | The estimate includes number of deaths in Europe under Nazi rule (excluding Italian military deaths) and Soviet famine in 1946-1947 and Fight and expulsion of Germans.
|
| Hong Xiuquan | 10,000,000 | 100,000,000 | 31,622,777 | China (Qing) | 1851 | 1864 | 13 years | See also: Taiping Rebellion |
| An Lushan | 13,000,000 | 36,000,000 | 21,633,308 | China (Tang) | 755 | 763 | 8 years | See also: Anshi Rebellion |
| Joseph Stalin | 14,183,790 | 27,159,386 | 19,627,099 | Soviet Union | 1922 | 1953 | 31 years | Given the number of deaths due to his direct policies,
Holodomor 7,000,000~14,500,000 Participation in the war against Japan 186,594 Siberian internment 58,232-70,000 Continuation War 387,333 Winter War 153,736-194,837 Forced relocation 1,124,203-1,912,392 (See the original article for the source) The Great Purge 681,692-1,704,230 Deportation of Germans 2 million people Also, given the number of deaths due to his indirect policies, Famine in the immediate aftermath of the Great War 900,000 Korean War 1.5 million ~ Deaths at the hands of communist governments in other countries established by Stalin Romania: ~435,000 Bulgaria: 31,000 ~220,000 Poland: 22,000 Hungary: 27,000 East Germany: 70,000~100,000 |
| Wilheim II | 14,413,868 | German Empire | 1888 | 1918 | 30 years | There is a lot of debate about war responsibility.
His imperialist policies led to the collapse of the Bismarck regime. If Germany had not invaded Serbia with its allies and fueled a confrontation with Russia, World War I would not have occurred. The estimate on the left is the sum of all the casualties of the First World War, excluding the civilian deaths in the Ottoman Empire, which were often attributable to internal affairs. What is the basis for the specific figures? See Victims of the First World War | ||
| Fumimaro Konoe | 6,976,197 | 22,910,000 | 12,642,178 | Provisional Government of the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China | 1937 | 1941 | 4
years |
The Sino-Japanese War was the main factor in the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War due to the dispatch and invasion of China decided by him, and the deterioration of Japan-US relations due to the invasion of France and India.
The estimate on the left is the sum of all the casualties of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the casualties of the Japanese and American forces in the Pacific War. However, the victims of incidents unrelated to the policies of the Japan government, such as the Yellow River burst caused by the Chinese Nationalist government, were excluded. In addition, there is still a lot of debate about Japan's responsibility for the war. |
| Timur | 8,000,000 | 17,000,000 | 11,661,904 | Timurid Dynasty | 1370 | 1405 | 35 years | |
| Chiang Kai-shek | 5,965,000 | 18,522,000 | 10,511,124 | Republic of China | 1928 | 1946 | 18 years | Primarily from conscription campaigns but also grain confiscations and other atrocities.
「Mass killings under the Chinese Nationalist government」も参照 |
| Nicholas II | 9,994,180 | 10,437,549 | 10,213,458 | Russian Empire | 1868 | 1918 | 50 years | There is a lot of debate about war responsibility.
The Russian Empire, while allied with France under his rule, was hostile to the Central Powers, and suffered many casualties by the lead. (See also the articles on World War I, the Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I, and the Russian Empire's entry into World War I.) In addition, the southward policy also caused the Russo-Japanese War. The estimates on the left also include the war dead in Russia, France, Germany, Austria=Hungary in World War I, the war dead in the Ottoman Empire, and the war dead in the Russo-Japanese War. Also, for the basis of the specific number of casualties, see also "Victims of World War I" |
| Vladimir Lenin | 1,250,000 | 15,000,000 | 4,330,127 | Soviet Union | 1917 | 1924 | 7 years | See also: Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War, Russian Famine (1921-1922) |
| Ferdinand II | 4,000,000 | 12,000,000 | 6,928,203 | Holy Roman Empire | 1619 | 1637 | 18 yeas | See also: Thirty Years' War |
| Leopold II | 3,000,000 | 13,000,000 | 6,244,998 | Congo Free State | 1885 | 1908 | 13 years | Private forces under the control of Leopold II of Belgium carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally rubber. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment. Estimates of the death toll vary considerably due to the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924. See also: Atrocities in the Congo Free State |
| Hideki Tojo | 7,390,000 | Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
(Empire of Japan) |
1941 | 1944 | 3 years | The estimates on the left exclude deaths in India, which was heavily influenced by the British, among the deaths in the newly occupied territories of the Pacific War that he led. | ||
| Aurangzeb | 5,000,000 | Mughal Empire | 1658 | 1707 | 49 years | See also: Deccan War | ||
| Napoleon Bonaparte | 3,500,000 | 7,000,000 | 4,949,747 | French Empire | 1803 | 1815 | 13
years |
See also: Napoleonic Wars |
| Hernán Cortés | 729,000 | 24,300,000 | 4,208,883 | Spanish Empire | 1519 | 1547 | 28 years | We don't know the exact figures, but we calculated the lowest estimate because the Aztec Mexico he conquered had a decline of 24.3 million natives (from which the maximum estimate was calculated), and at least 3% of them were due to non-disease
See also: Conquistador, Spanish conquest of the Aztec kingdom |
| Laurent Kabila | 2,738,000 | 6,285,000 | 4,148,292 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1997 | 2001 | 4 years | "第一・第二コンゴ戦争」 |
| Kim il sung | 1,900,000 | 6,000,000 | 3,376,389 | North Korea | 1949 | 1994 | 55 years | Korean War
1.5 million ~ concentration camp 400,000~1,500,000 (Including those made by successors after death) |
| Pol Pot | 1,816,734 | 4,030,000 | 2,705,815 | Cambodia | 1963
(Appointed General Secretary of the Party) |
1985
(Resignation of the Anti-Vietnam Alliance) |
22 years | Cambodian Genocide
Number of victims: 1,386,738 ~3,400,000 (Deaths due to arbitrary torture, execution, starvation, and forced labor among the population of Cambodia under the rule of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, including both killings of ethnic Khmer (the majority ethnic group) as well as a genocide of religious and ethnic minorities by the Khmer Rouge. Minimum death toll is the number of corpses found in the Killing Fields. [要出典]) Cambodian Civil War Number of victims: 400,000 ~ 600,000 Cambodia-Vietnam War Number of victims: |
| Radama I | 2,500,000 | 2,500,000 | 2,500,000 | Madagascar | 1829 | 1842 | 13 years | Putting an end to most foreign trade relationships, Ranavalona I pursued a policy of self-reliance, made possible through frequent use of the long-standing tradition of fanompoana—forced labor in lieu of tax payments in money or goods. Ranavalona continued the wars of expansion conducted by her predecessor, Radama I, in an effort to extend her realm over the entire island, and imposed strict punishments on those who were judged as having acted in opposition to her will. Due in large part to loss of life throughout the years of military campaigns, high death rates among fanompoana workers, and harsh traditions of justice under her rule, the population of Madagascar is estimated to have declined from around 5 million to 2.5 million between 1833–39, and from 750,000 to 130,000 between 1829–42 in Imerina. These statistics have contributed to a strongly unfavorable view of Ranavalona's rule in historical accounts. |
| Winston Churchill | 1,500,000 | 4,000,000 | 2,449,490 | United Kingdom | 1940 | 1945 | 6 years | War-related administrative policies in India by him ultimately helped to cause the massive death toll (Bengal famine). |
| Lyndon Johnson | 966,000 | 3,800,000 | 2,383,000 | America | 1963 | 1969 | 6 years | See also: Vietnam War |
| Kim Jong-il | 760,000 | 5,600,000 | 2,063,008 | North Korea | 1993 | 2011 | 18 years | Deaths from the March of Hardship
600,000 ~5 million 1972~2018 Death toll in concentration camps 400,000~1,500,000 (In the left estimate, assuming that the number of deaths in the above period is the same every year, the number of deaths in 1993~2011 is estimated with two significant digits.) Also, for the situation in North Korea that continues to the present, see also "North Korean human rights issues" |
| Talaat Pasha | 1,489,000 | 2,810,000 | 2,045,505 | Ottoman Empire | 1913 | 1918 | 5 years | Under the Young Turks' regime whose leader is him, the Ottoman Empire committed various genocides and ethnic cleansings. The death toll is derived from the sum of the death tolls of the Armenian Genocide (800,000 to 1,500,000), Assyrian Genocide (150,000 to 300,000), Greek Genocide (289,000 to 750,000), ethnic cleansing of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913 (50,000 to 60,000), and the Great Famine of Mount Lebanon (200,000). |
| Yakub Gowon | 2,045,000 | 2,075,000 | 2,059,945 | Nigeria | 1966 | 1975 | 9 years | See also: Biafra War |
| Charles X | 1,380,000 | 2,980,000 | 2,027,905 | Kingdom of France | 1824 | 1830 | 6 years | 980,000~1,480,000 in the invasion of Algeria, and the Algerian war that was later caused by it
40~1.5 million people were killed. Please refer to each article for the basis of specific figures. |
| Leonid Brezhnev | 2,015,000 | 2,015,000 | 2,015,000 | Soviet Union | 1964 | 1982 | 18 years | See also: Afghanistan conflict |
| Toyotomi Hideyoshi | １,000,000 | 3,440,000 | 1,854,724 | Japan | 1591 | 1599 | 8 years | This is only for the victims of the Bunroku and Keicho roles performed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and does not include the deaths of the leaders who took place before the unification of Japan. |
| Herbert Henry Asquith | 1,796,597 | British Empire | 1908 | 1916 | 8 yeas | The estimate on the left is the sum of the casualties of the country and the African theater due to its participation in World War I.
The basis for the detailed figures is See also: Victims of the First World War | ||
| Omar Al = Bashir | 1,063,000 | 2,530,000 | 1,639,936 | Sudan | 1989 | 2019 | 29 years | 1 to 2 million: Second Sudanese Civil War
63,000 to 530,000:Darfur genocide |
| Suharto | 680,500 | 3,418,000+ | 1,525,106+ | Indonesia | 1965 | 1998 | 33 years | 65/66 Politicide: 500,000 to 3,000,000 "communists"
East Timor Atrocities: 60,000 to 308,000 East Timorese West Papua Atrocities: 100,000 papuans Petrus Killings: 2,000 to 10,000 suspected criminals |
| Francisco Pizarro | 256,350 | 8,582,000 | 1,483,238 | Spanish Empire | 1531 | 1541 | 10 years | I don't know the exact figures, but in the area he conquered most of today's Chile, Peru, and Bolivia, 8,545,000 ~ 8,582,000 natives declined, at least 3% of which (the maximum estimate was used) was due to non-diseaseThe lowest estimate was calculated from this.
See also: Conquistador, Spanish conquest of the Aztec kingdom |
| Gaius Julius Caesar | 1,460,000 | Ancient Rome | BC
61 |
BC
44 |
17 years | See also: Gallic Wars | ||
| Shaka Zulu | 1,000,000 | 2,000,000 | 1,414,214 | South Africa | 1816 | 1828 | 12 years | See also: Mfecane |
| Mengistu Haile Mariam | 1,400,000 | Ethiopia | 1977 | 1987 | 10 years | 1983-1985 Ethiopian Famine,
See also: Ethiopian Civil War | ||
| Appius Claudius Caudex | 1,170,000 | 1,260,000 | 1,214,166 | Ancient Rome | BC
264 |
? | He instigated the First Punic War, which was also the cause of the Second Punic War. The high estimate also includes the number of Carthaginian rebel soldiers in the mercenary war. | |
| Yahya Khan | 400,000 | 3,600,000 | 1,200,000 | Pakistan | 1969 | 1971 | 2 years | See also: Bangladesh War of Independence |
| Zhang Xianzhong | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | China (Ming) | 1644 | 1646 | 2 years | |
| Du Wenxiu | 1,000,000 | China (Qing) | 1856 | 1873 | 17 years | See also: Pansee Rebellion | ||
| Bagosora | 750,000 | 1,174,000 | 938,349 | Rwanda | 1994 | 1994 | 1 years | See also: Rwandan genocide |
| Charles I | 876,000 | 876,000 | 876,000 | British Isles | 1629 | 1649 | 20 years | His tyranny led to the Triple War, and many people were killed until the constitutional monarchy he rejected was established.
See also "Puritan Revolution" above |
| Ferdinand I | 700,000 | Kingdom of Romania | 1914 | 1927 | 13 years | The estimate on the left is the number of casualties in the country due to its participation in World War I.
What is the basis for the specific figures? See also: Victims of the First World War | ||
| Nicholas I | 615,378 | 673,015 | 643,552 | Russian Empire | 1825 | 1855 | 30 years | See also: Crimean War |
| Saddam Hussein | 200,000 | 2,000,000 | 632,456 | Iraq | 1979 | 2003 | 24 years | see Human rights in Ba'athist Iraq#Number of victims |
| Ho Chi Minh | 328,000 | 1,169,000 | 619,219 | Vietnam | 1953 | 1956 | 3 years | land reform in North Vietnam
195,000~865,000 Massacres of civilians (including those by successors) 133,000~304,000 |
| Charles de Gaulle | 597,000 | 597,000 | 597,000 | France | 1944 | 1946 | 2 years | See also: First Indochina War |
| Ante Pavelic
Nikola Mandić |
300,000 | 1,088,000 | 571,314 | Croatia | 1941 | 1945 | 4 years | See also: Independent State of Croatia |
| André Masangaissa | 300,500 | 1,025,500 | 555,124 | Republic of Mozambique | 1977 | 1979 | 2 years | The estimate on the left is the sum of all the deaths from the war dead, starvation, and genocide of the RENAMO in the Mozambican civil war that he started. |
| Hadrian | 500,000+ | 600,000+ | 547,723 | Ancient Rome | 117 | 138 | 19 years | See also: Bal Kokba's rebellion |
| Zamora Machel | 255,500 | 1,150,500 | 542,174 | Republic of Mozambique | 1975 | 1986 | 11 years | The estimate on the left is the sum of all the deaths in battle, starvation, and FRELIMO repression in the Mozambican civil war led by FRELIMO. |
| Gessius Florus | 250,000 | 1,100,000 | 524,404 | Ancient Rome | 64 | 66 | 2 years | 「First Jewish–Roman War」も参照 |
| Bharaji Bhaji Rao | 490,000 | 550,000 | 519,134 | Maratha Kingdom | 1740 | 1761 | 21 years | |
| Alexander III | Hundreds of thousands (estimated by GPT-4) | Kingdom of Argean Macedonia | 356 BC | 323 BC | 33 years | Answer by Copilot below
"Some historians estimate that the death toll from Alexander the Great's expedition to the East was in the hundreds of thousands. Such speculations take into account many factors, including the population density at the time, the scale and frequency of the fighting, and the size of the area affected by the war. | ||
| William McKinley | 230,200 | 1,024,200 | 485,562 | America | 1897 | 1901 | 4 years | See also: Philippine-American War |
| Pope Innocent III | 200,000+ | 1,000,000+ | 447,214+ | Europe | 1198 | 1216 | 18 years | The figures on the left are for the Albigensian Crusade only, and do not include other massacres such as the Fourth Crusade |
| Raghuzy Bonesleigh | 400,000+ | Maratha Kingdom
(India) |
1738 | 1755 | 17 years | 「Maratha invasions of Bengal」も参照 | ||
| Mehmed IV | 380,000+ | Ottoman Empire | 1648 | 1687 | 39 years | The figures on the left are based only on the casualties of the Great Turkish War | ||
| Benito Mussolini | 158,000 | 628,000 | 314,998 | Italy, Libya, Ethiopia, Yugoslavia, Greece | 1922 | 1945 | 24 years |
|
| Lu Hong peach | 250,000 | 400,000 | 316,228 | Vietnam | 1072 | 1128 | 56 years | "Song–Dai Viet warSee also |
| George W. Bush | 244,124 | 266,427 | 255,031 | America | 2001 | 2009 | 8 years | The war on terror he provoked involved many civilians. For details http://www.icti-e.com see /,http://icta.m-shonan.jp/ |
| Francisco Franco | 195,000 | 265,000 | 227,321 | Spain, Australia, Russia | 1939 | 1975 | 36 years | Diseases and starvation: 130,000 (1939–1943)
Repression: 30,000–100,000 (1939–1948) Prison camps: 20,000 (1939–1943) Spanish Maquis: 5,548 (1939–1965) World War II: 5,000 (Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria) Blue Division: Casualties in the Russo-German conflict totalled 22,700. In action against the Blue Division, the Red Army suffered 49,300 casualties. 「Francoist Spain」も参照 |
| Idi Amin | 100,000 | 500,000 | 223,607 | Uganda | 1971 | 1979 | 8 years | Idi Amin's rule of Uganda saw excessive and egregious human rights abuses toward ethnic minorities and political opposition, earning him the nickname "The Butcher of Uganda." |
| Josip Broz Tito | 60,000 | 802,000 | 219,363 | Yugoslavia | 1944 | 1980 | 36 years | |
| Oliver Cromwell | 250,000 | 260,000 | 254,951 | Ireland Island | 1653 | 1658 | 3 years | See also: Cromwell's invasion of Ireland |
| Abu Bakr al-= Baghdadi | 232,500+ | Iraq | 2014 | 2019 | 5 years | See also: Islamic State, fighting in Iraq (2013-2017) | ||
| Lee Seung-wan | 200,00+ | Republic of Korea | 1919 | 1960 | 41 years | See also: "Guardian League Case" | ||
| Claudius | 132,935 | 292,935 | 197,336 | Ancient Rome | 41 | 54 | 13 years | The estimated value on the left is also due to his conquest of the island of Britain |
| Harry S. Truman | 150,000 | 246,000 | 192,094 | America | 1945 | 1953 | 8 years | See Atomic bomb dropped on Japan |
| Ferdinand | 187,500 | Bulgaria | 1887 | 1918 | 28 tears | Deaths in their home countries due to participation in World War I | ||
| Gheorghe Gheorghiu = Desi | 60,000 | 435,000 | 161,555 | Romania | 1945 | 1989 | 44 years | The estimate on the left includes all the number of people who were sacrificed by the rule of Romania by the Romanian Communist regime with which he was in place. |
| Ivan IV | 60,000 [Confidence to 検証]. | 260,000 | 124,900 | Russian Empire | 1533 | 1584 | 51 years | |
| Mohammed Siad Barre | 50,000 | 200,000 | 100,000 | Somalia | 1988 | 1991 | 3 years | See also: Isaaq genocide |
| Bashar Assad | 100,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | Syria | 2011 | present | 9 years | See also: Syrian Civil War |
| Huyen Thong Bat | 95,000 | 95,000 | 95,000 | South Vietnam | 1975 | 1976 | 1 years | See also: refresher camp |
| Holy Father | 90,000+ | Khitan
(Northeast China) |
982 | 1031 | 49 years | See also: Khitan's invasion of Goryeo | ||
| Jean = Bedel Bokassa | 90,000 | Central African Republic | 1966 | 1976 | 10 years | |||
| King Salman | 85,000 | 85,000 | 85,000 | Saudi Arabia | 2016 | present | 3 years | See also: Famine in Yemen |
| Vlko Chervenkov | 31,000 | 220,000 | 81,240 | Bulgaria | 1944 | 1954 | 5 years | The estimate on the left includes all the numbers of people who were killed by the rule of Bulgaria by the Bulgarian Communist regime with which he was established. |
| Henry VIII | 72,000 | 72,000 | 72,000 | England | 1509 | 1547 | 38 years | |
| Tokugawa Ieyasu | 30,350 | 162,600 | 70,249 | Japan | 1600 | 1616 | 6 years | The number of deaths from the battles he led
・Battle of Sekigahara (there are various theories) 12,000-42,600 ・Osaka-no-jin 18,350-120,000 |
| Walter Ulbricht | 70,000 | 70,000 | 70,000 | East Germany | 1950 | 1971 | 21 years | The estimate on the left includes all the people who were killed by the rule of East Germany by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany government, which he instituted. |
| Vlad III | 43,903 | 100,000 | 66,259 | Wallachia | 1456 | 1462 | 6 years | |
| Clement Gottwald | 65,000 | 65,000 | 65,000 | Czechoslovakia | 1948 | 1968 | 20 years | The estimate on the left includes all the victims of the communist regime established by the political upheaval of 1948 that he led. |
| Francisco Macias Nguema | 50,000 | 80,000 | 63,246 | Equatorial Guinea | 1968 | 1979 | 11 years | Macías Nguema is regarded as one of the most kleptocratic, corrupt, and dictatorial leaders in post-colonial African history. Sources vary, but he was responsible for the deaths of anywhere from 50,000 to 80,000 of the 300,000 to 400,000 people living in the country at the time. [要出典] |
| Rafael Trujillo | 50,000 | 50,000 | 50,000 | Dominican Republic | 1930 | 1938 | 8 years | |
| François Duvalier | 30,000 | 60,000 | 42,426 | Haiti | 1957 | 1971 | 14 years | Duvalier's rule based on a purged military, a rural militia known as the Tonton Macoute, and the use of cult of personality, resulted in the murder of 30,000 to 60,000 Haitians, and the exile of many more. [要出典] |
| Issen Habre | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | Chad | 1982 | 1990 | 8 years | In May 2016, Hissène Habré was found guilty of human-rights abuses, including rape, sexual slavery, and ordering the killing of 40,000 people. He was sentenced to life in prison. He is the first former head of state to be convicted for human rights abuses in the court of another nation. |
| Tiberius | 38,000 | Ancient Rome | 14 | 37 | 23 years | |||
| Matsukura Katsuya | 28,130 | 42,712 | 34,662 | Shimabara Domain
(Edo Shogunate) |
1630 | 1638 | 8 years | See also: Shimabara Rebellion |
| Feder Castro | 9,240 | 92,400 | 29,219 | Cuba | 1961 | 2006 | 45 years | Human rights in Cuba are under the scrutiny of Human Rights Watch, which accuses the Cuban government of systematic human rights abuses. This includes offenses such as arbitrary imprisonment, unfair trials, and extrajudicial execution. |
| Ayatollah Khomeini | 10,482 | 48,000 | 22,431 | Iran | 1979 | 1989 | 10 years | 4,482 to 30,000 in P.O.C. massacre
6,000 to 18,000 child soldiers killed (refer to earlier tables on page) |
| Bolesław Bierut | 22,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 | People's Republic of Poland | 1948 | 1956 | 44 years | First leader of the United Workers' Party of Poland
The estimate on the left also includes all victims up to the democratization (1987). |
| Tomás de Torquemada | 2,000 | 124,621 | 15,787 | Spanish Empire | 1480 | 1498 | 18 years | Minimum death toll only includes lowest estimate of those burned at the stake, whereas the maximum death toll also includes those who died from hunger and torture. |
| Rākosi Matthias | 27,000 | 27,000 | 13,748 | Hungary | 1948 | 1956 | 8 years | 150,000 perished in concentration camps, and only counts the 5,000 alleged spies and 2,000 party members executed, noting that 5,000 spies came from only 98,000 out of 700,000 alleged spies. 「ハンガリー共産党」も参照 |
| Enver Hoxha | 5,000 | 28,000 | 11,832 | Albania | 1941 | 1985 | 44 years | |
| Daniel-François Marin | 18,997 [Credible Certificate]. | 21,000 | 19,999 | South Africa | 1948 | 1954 | 6 years | The estimate on the left is an estimate of the number of victims of the apartheid policy that he established. |
| Ferdinand Marcos | 3,257 | 80,000 | 16,142 | Philippines | 1965 | 1986 | 21 years | The conservative estimate is recorded from 1975 to 1985, while the maximum estimate is recorded from 1965 to 1976. Also Includes those from the Moro conflict. |
| Tiberius | 9,500 [Confidence to 検証]. | 9,500 | 9,500 | Ancient Rome | 14 | 37 | 23 years | |
| Caligula | 9,000 | 9,000 | 9,000 | Ancient Rome | 37 | 41 | 4 years | |
| Johnny Paul Coloma | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | Sierra Leone | 1997 | 1998 | 1 year | |
| Nero | 5,750 | 5,750 | 5,750 | Ancient Rome | 54 | 68 | 14 years | |
- ^ "Communist Body Count". Scott Manning. 2006-12-04. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
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- ^ Gruson, Sidney. "Mao Text Shows Reds 'Liquidated' 800,000 Since '49". New York Times.
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