Draft:Nine Dragons (businessman)

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Last edited by Citation bot (talk | contribs) 2 months ago. (Update)

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Nine Dragons, a.k.a. the Gangs of Nine is a term used for the big nine of Chinese Indonesian businessmens in Indonesia. The term first appeared during the New Order era, when businessmen and the government formed a mutually beneficial relationship.^[1]

Background

The Nine Dragons, according to Tribun News, include:^[2]

Robert Budi Hartono, the owner of Djarum
Rusdi Kirana, the owner of Lion Air Group
Sofjan Wanandi, the owner of the Santini Group
Edwin Soeryadjaya, the owner of Astra International
Jacob Soetoyo [id], the owner of Gesit Sarana Perkasa
James Riady, the owner of Lippo Group
Tomy Winata, the owner of Artha Graha Network [id]
Anthoni Salim, the owner of the Salim Group
Dato Sri Tahir, the owner of the Mayapada Group

References

^ "Legenda Sembilan Naga, Kelompok Pengusaha Berjaya di Era Orde Baru". Katadata.co.id. 21 June 2023.
^ "Mengenal Sosok 9 Naga, Penguasa Ekonomi Indonesia, Lengkap dengan Bisnis dan Kekayaannya". Tribun News.

[1] "Legenda Sembilan Naga, Kelompok Pengusaha Berjaya di Era Orde Baru". Katadata.co.id. 21 June 2023.

[2] "Mengenal Sosok 9 Naga, Penguasa Ekonomi Indonesia, Lengkap dengan Bisnis dan Kekayaannya". Tribun News.

[1]

[2]

Draft:Nine Dragons (businessman)

Background

See also

References