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Draft:Regional Museum of Cholula


Regional Museum of Cholula
Map
Established2017 (2017)
LocationC. 14 Pte. 307, San Juan Aquiahuac, 72810 San Andrés Cholula, Pue., Mexico
Coordinates19°03′28″N 98°18′02″W / 19.057758°N 98.300676°W / 19.057758; -98.300676
TypeRegional history
Websitewebsite

The Cholula Regional Museum is a public cultural institution situated adjacent to the Great Pyramid of Cholula within the archaeological zone of Cholula, in the municipality of San Andrés Cholula. The museum houses a diverse collection spanning pre-Hispanic, viceregal, and contemporary art, as well as a showcase of popular art. It is important to distinguish this museum from the Cholula Site Museum, located nearby.

History of the property

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Opened to the public on January 23, 2017, the Cholula Regional Museum was a key component of a tourism development initiative aimed at securing the designation of Magic Town for San Andrés and San Pedro Cholula. The name "Cholula" is derived from the Nahuatl word "cholollan," signifying "place of refuge."[1][2]

Sanatorio de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe

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The Sanatorio de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe was a psychiatric hospital located at the base of the Great Pyramid of Cholula, Tlachihualtepetl, in Puebla, Mexico. It operated from 1910 to 2013.[1]

Founding

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Founded in 1910, the sanatorium was the result of an agreement between Rita Canelo and the Hospitaller order of San Juan de Dios ("Juaninos"). The institution was established to care for Canelo's son who suffered from a mental illness. As there were no other psychiatric facilities in Puebla at the time, Canelo acquired land at the foot of Tlachihualtepetl to build the sanatorium.[3][4]

The hospital was formally inaugurated with the blessing of Archbishop José Ramón Ibarra y González. It served as the first psychiatric institution in the state of Puebla for over a century.[3]

Architecture and Grounds

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The sanatorium's architecture reflected the late Porfirian era, incorporating French styles such as iron windows, Catalan vaults, and extensive gardens. Over time, eight pavilions were added to the complex, funded by donations. The structure was enclosed by thick adobe walls and integrated into the base of the Great Pyramid.[5]

The Juaninos originally provided care through prayer, physical activity, and meditative practices. Later, professional medical staff were added. Patients were largely self-sufficient, maintaining farms and orchards on the hospital grounds.[5]

Closure and Conversion

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The sanatorium faced challenges during periods of national crisis, including the Mexican Revolution and the Cristero War. With advancements in psychiatry and the development of new treatments, the need for institutionalization decreased. Consequently, the sanatorium closed in 2013.[6]

The building was subsequently repurposed as the Cholula Regional Museum, a cultural institution dedicated to preserving the history of the region. Today, the museum is part of the Decentralized Public Organization "Museos Puebla," under the Secretariat of Culture of the State of Puebla.[7]

Permanent Exhibition Halls

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The site features eight exhibition rooms connected by corridors to the tunnels of the Great Pyramid and the public park. The exhibitions include pieces related to Poblano ceramics, a collection of alebrijes, and video projections showcasing Mexico as a World Heritage site.[8][4]

Valley of the Volcanoes

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This gallery explores the diverse topography of the Puebla-Tlaxcala region, focusing on the prominence of the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes. It delves into the geological history of the Sierra Nevada and its iconic peaks, emphasizing their significance in shaping regional culture and science, particularly in the realm of archaeoastronomy.[9]

Cholula Crossroads

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This exhibition highlights the pivotal role of pre-Hispanic Cholula as a regional center for trade and tribute among various Mesoamerican cultures. It showcases a wide range of archaeological artifacts from across the country and spanning different time periods, from the Preclassic to the Postclassic era. An interactive digital component dedicated to the Mexica pantheon is also featured.[9]

Viceregal: 16th to 18th Centuries

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This gallery houses a collection of paintings from the 16th to 18th centuries, primarily depicting religious themes. The artwork provides insights into the evangelization of Mesoamerican peoples and offers a glimpse into the lives of the viceregal population of Cholula.[9]

The Tlachihualtépetl, the Origins

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This exhibition features archaeological artifacts from the Cholula region, with a particular emphasis on ceramics. Through a combination of objects and audiovisual displays, it explores the early human settlements in the Puebla-Tlaxcala Valley and the construction phases of the world's largest pyramid, the Tlachihualtépetl.[9]

Tollan Cholollan, The Resurgence

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This gallery recounts the migrations of Olmec Xicalanga and Toltec Chichimeca peoples to Cholula, which marked a period of significant growth and development for the city. It explores Cholula 's transformation into a ceremonial, pilgrimage, and commercial center, emphasizing the enduring influence of pre-Columbian traditions on contemporary culture. A life-size replica of the Quauhquechollan Cloth is a focal point of the exhibition.[9]

Alebrijes Room

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This gallery showcases the vibrant world of alebrijes. It features a collection of cardboard alebrijes by Pedro Linares, the art form 's creator, as well as wooden alebrijes with traditional Oaxacan roots. The exhibition highlights the imaginative nature of these creatures and their connection to Mexican artistic and manufacturing traditions.[9]

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This gallery presents a comprehensive overview of the diverse artistic traditions of Puebla State. It showcases a vast array of handcrafted objects created by local artisans, reflecting the region's rich cultural heritage. From utilitarian kitchenware to exquisite religious art, the exhibition offers a captivating glimpse into the daily lives and spiritual beliefs of Puebla's people. Visitors can also explore the realm of decorative arts, the vibrant energy of festive traditions, and the intricate beauty of textiles. A dedicated section highlights the renowned Talavera pottery, showcasing both classic and contemporary styles.

Completing the exhibition is a focus on the symbolic importance of textiles and the enduring customs associated with the Day of the Dead. Through these diverse displays, the gallery provides a comprehensive understanding of Puebla's artistic legacy and its enduring cultural significance.[9]

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This space is dedicated to the Hospitaller Order of San Juan de Dios (Juaninos), the founders of the building and the "Sanatorium of Our Lady of Guadalupe," a psychiatric hospital. The gallery explores the history of the institution and its role in the development of psychiatric care in Mexico. is also presented.​[10][9]

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  •  
    Patio area
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    Exterior
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    Cholultec pottery
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    Cardboard devil
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    Olmec Figures

References

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  1. ^ a b Reynolds, Christopher (2018-03-18). "Savor Puebla, a Mexican gem known for its food and sense of style". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-07-31.
  2. ^ Solanes Carraro, María del Carmen (1991). Cholula, Puebla. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. OCLC 423698194.
  3. ^ a b Fajardo Ortíz; López Ramírez, Guillermo, Edith. "Historia y Filosofía de la Medicina. Perfil histórico del Sanatorio Psiquiátrico Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (1910-2009). Cholula, Puebla" (PDF). Rev Fac Med UNAM. Vol. 52 No. 5. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b González, Rafael (July 4, 2022). "¿Lo recuerdas? Sanatorio Psiquiátrico "Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe" en Cholula". MILENIO. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  5. ^ a b Martínez García, Luis Martín (August 2022). Museo Regional de Cholula, la transformación de una entidad hospitalaria (PDF). Retrieved March 29, 2024. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Bonfil Batalla, Guillermo (1988). Cholula, la ciudad sagrada en la era industrial. Univerisidad Autonoma de Puebla.
  7. ^ Gámez Espinosa; Ramírez Rodríguez, Alejandra; Rosalba. (Coordinadoras). Territorio, fiesta y ritual en las Cholulas, Puebla. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Museo Regional de Cholula". www.mexicoescultura.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-31.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Puebla, El Sol de. "Museo Regional de Cholula abre sus puertas". El Sol de México | Noticias, Deportes, Gossip, Columnas (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-07-31.
  10. ^ Martínez García, Luis Martín (August 2022). "Museo Regional de Cholula, la transformación de una entidad hospitalaria" (PDF). Poblanidades. Num 06 Año 3.

See also

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