Draft:Robert Budny

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Robert Budny is an American Physicist for his contributions in the fields of Theoretical Particle Physics and Magnetically Confine

Draft: Robert Budny

Robert Budny is an American physicist known for his contributions to the fields of Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics and Magnetically Confined Tokamak Fusion. 

Early Life and Education

Budny studied Abstract Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) before pursuing Theoretical Physics at the University of Paris (Faculte des Sciences, Institute Curie) and the University of Maryland. His Ph.D. thesis, supervised by George Snow, focused on deep inelastic neutrino scattering, measured in bubble chambers at particle accelerators such as in CERN (Genevia, Switzerland).

Military Service

Budny was commissioned into the U.S. Navy and served at the headquarters of DASA (Defense Atomic Support Agency) in the Pentagon for two years.

Scientific Contributions

After completing his PhD, Budny engaged in postdoctoral research and teaching in the Departments of Theoretical Physics at the University of Oxford, Stanford University, Rockefeller University, and Princeton University. 

His research in Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics on ElectroWeak interactions included neutrino scattering ^{[1] [2]} and effects of the W⁰ particles in electron-positron annihilations ^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]}. Results for the calculated cross sections were used to measure properties of the weakly interacting vector boson W ⁰ including it's mass, spin, and decay rate. 

Exotic weak effects were calculated including Electric-and weak magnetic-dipole-moment effects in in e ⁺ - e^- annihilations. The computed possible weak corrections to these annhiliations are predicted to be too small to be observed in present day experiments ^[14].

An extension of the Standard Model, which includes the observed SU₂ ⊗U₁ symmetry for weak interactions, was studied. This Standard Model has left-chirality (Vector-Axial-vector) for the weak interactions. The extension to SU_2,L⊗ SU_2,R⊗U₁ symmetry ^[15] adds right-chirality (Vector+Axial-vector), becoming left-right symmetric predicting new massive particles, which could be observable at very high energies.

Tokamak Plasmas 

Exotic weak effects were calculated including Electric-and weak magnetic-dipole-moment effects in in e ⁺ - e^- annihilations. The computed possible weak corrections to these annhiliations are predicted to be too small to be observed in present day experiments ^[14].

An extension of the Standard Model, which includes the observed SU₂ ⊗U₁ symmetry for weak interactions, was studied. This Standard Model has left-chirality (Vector-Axial-vector) for the weak interactions. The extension to SU_2,L⊗ SU_2,R⊗U₁ symmetry ^[15] adds right-chirality (Vector+Axial-vector), becoming left-right symmetric predicting new massive particles, which could be observable at very high energies.

Budny joined the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, where his research focused on fusion energy. He participated in experiments and their analysis on the TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor). He used the TRANSP computer code ^{[16] [17] [18] [19] [20]} to accurately predict the fusion energy production in deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion experiments before the start in these experiments started in 1994. This large code performs integrated modeling combining multiple physics effects to calculate interactions and their synergies. These experiments were the world's first using DT to produce high rates of fusion power ^[20] (in the Megawatt range).

Budny collaborated with experiments at other tokamak research facilities, including JET (Joint European Tokamak) ^{[20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]}. The experiments with DT plasmas in 1997 achieved world record fusion energy production in the core ^[20]. He also collaborated with experiments at other tokamak research facilities including JT-60U (Tokai, Japan), DIII-D (San Diego, CA) ^{[26] [27]}, Tore Supra (Cadarache, France) ^{[28] [29]} HL-2A (Chengdu, China) ^[30].

Budny researched predictions of fusion performance for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) which is currently under construction in the south of France, aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of fusion power on a commercial scale. He performed the first detailed integrated simulations ^{[20] [31] [32] [33]} of planned ITER discharges to predict the DT fusion rates. The TRANSP computer code in predictive mode uses reduced theory based models of temperatures. The results suggest that ITER should be capable of achieving its goals for fusion yield if it is built to specifications, and if unknown as long as no as yet unknown physics presents handicaps.