Draft:Sultan Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin Syah (Phraya Pattani V)

Sultan Abdul Kadir, or by his official Siamese title Phraya Wichitphakdi Si Surawongsa Ratna Khet Prasertrat (Tengku Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin) (Thai: พระยาวิชิตภักดีศรีสุรวังษารัตนาเขตประเทศราช (เต็งกูอับดุลกอเดร์ กามารุดดีน) (Malay: Tengku Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin) was the Ruler of Patani during the years 1899 - 1902. He was the 11th and last Raja of the Second Kelantan Dynasty and the last King in the Kingdom of Patani's history.

History

Tengku Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin was the son of Tengku Sulaiman Sharifuddin. He was one of four siblings, as follows:

1. Tengku Sulong, wife of Tengku Bitara. His mother was Tengku Nipute, daughter of the governor of Sai Buri.
2. Tengku Buesar Tuan Kambal, wife of Tengku Muhammad, Viceroy of Pattani.
3. Tengku Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin
4. Tengku Muhammad So

Sons and Daughters

Tengku Abdul Kader Kamaruddin had 7 children, 3 sons and 4 daughters, namely:

1. Tengku Ahmad Nuruddin (Tengku Sri Akaraya) from Tuan Na Mas Patani
2. Tengku Zubaidah (Tengku Buesar) the grandmother of His Majesty King Tuan Ku Syed Sirauddin Raja of Perlis
3. Tengku Yusof Shafuddin
4. Tengku Rawdoh Permaisuri Raya Haji Hamad Perak
5. Tengku Kamariyeh the heir of Injemorna Patani
6. Tengku Mahmud Muad Mahuddin
7. Tengkuyah, wife of Tengku Abdul Kader (Tengku Putra), son of the Raja of Sai Buri

Raja of Pattani

After the death of his father, Phraya Wichitphakdi (Tengku Sulaiman Sharifuddin), Tengku Abdul Kader Kamaruddin assumed the position of the Ruler of Pattani in 1898. During this period, there were numerous abuses against the Patani people. Siamese commissioner, Phraya Sukhumnaiwinit, for example, conscripted more than 600 soldiers to aid in the gathering of onerous taxes. Sukhumnaiwinit forbade Abdul Kadir from punishing those who missed Friday prayers, which greatly distressed him. Soon after his coronation, he wrote a letter complaining of various grievances to the British High Commissioner in Singapore in May 1898, stating that Siam's policy towards Pattani "is leading to the destruction of my country". The British wanted to maintain friendship with Siam, so they ignored the letter.

Rebellion against Siam

After being ignored by the British, he called a meeting of the seven rajas of Patani. In the meeting, they agreed to rebel in late October 1901, hoping that when the southern cities rose up, France would invade Siam from northern Indochina, causing Siam to give up the Malay cities. However, just a month before the rebellion, the British High Commissioner in Singapore met with Tengku Abdul Kadir and persuaded him to be patient and not use violence. Promising to consult with the British government to find a way to return power to the Raja Patani, Tengku Abdul Kadir agreed and cancelled the plan to rebel. However, the British Foreign Office decided to inform the Siamese government of the rebellion itself.

Tricked into Giving up Powers

When the Siamese government learned from the British that the Malay cities were planning to rebel and commit treason, they ordered Phraya Sri Sahathep to investigate. After Phraya Sri Sahathep listened to Tengku Abdul Kadir's problems, Phraya Sri Sahathep successfully persuaded Tengku Abdul Kadir to sign a document written in Thai. When Phraya Sri Sahathep left Patani for Singapore, Tengku Abdul Kadir ordered his officials to translate the document correctly again. However, they found that the content of the document was completely different from what Phraya Sri Sahathep had read to him. The true content was that the "Raja of Patani had agreed and accepted the Local Administration Act of 116 for the security of Patani, which included appointing a high-ranking Siamese official with absolute power in all matters in Patani." Phraya Sri Sahathep traveled to Singapore to inform the British governor that the Patani problem had been resolved.

Tengku Abdul Kadir tried to negotiate with the Siamese government to have Patani govern itself as before, but he was unsuccessful. He therefore requested the British to help negotiate with the Siamese government, saying that if the British did not cooperate, Patani would have no choice but to rebel. When the British learned of this, they informed the Siamese government. The Siamese government then ordered Phraya Sri Sahathep to come down to Patani again to settle the case.

Dismissal and Imprisonment

Phraya Sri Sahathep, as the Deputy Minister of the Interior, traveled to Patani with about 100 Siamese police officers and met with Tengku Abdul Kadir on February 21, 1902. He forced Tengku Abdul Kadir to sign the Seven Provinces Governing Regulations of 1902, giving him five minutes to do so or he would be dismissed as Raja of Patani. Tengku Abdul Kadir refused to sign and was therefore dismissed from his position and taken to Songkhla. A few days later, the governors of Ra-Ngae and Sai Buri were also arrested and all three rajas were taken to Phitsanulok, where they were sentenced to three years in prison.

Pardoned

Later, Tengku Abdul Kadir negotiated his release, promising not to be involved in politics any more. He was therefore pardoned and allowed to return to Patani. When he arrived in Patani, about 500 people took 80 boats to receive him at the river mouth. About 2,000 people stood on both sides of the Tani River to welcome him. He did not stay long in Patani before moving to the state of Kelantan and died there in 1934.

Royal decorations

B.E. Not known – The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant, First Class, Knight Grand Cross (P.C.) B.E. Not known – The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand, First Class, Knight Grand Cross (P.M.) B.E. Not known – The Most Exalted Order of the Crown of Thailand, Second Class, Knight Grand Cross (T.C.W.) (Front Division)

Note

This article was translated from the Thai Wikipedia article: พระยาวิชิตภักดี (เต็งกูอับดุลกอเดร์ กามารุดดีน)