Draft:TOXIC LEADERSHIP

• Comment: Lacks both formality and proper formatting. I dream of horses (Hoofprints) (Neigh at me) 19:11, 5 November 2024 (UTC)

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Introduction: LEADERSHIP VS MANAGEMENT: There is a difference between Leadership and Management and there are also common areas as well, thus sometimes causes confusion, but the fact is both are required. The leadership philosophy cannot afford the assumption of monopolizing the fact in single face, because there are several faces for the fact based on approach, the case...Etc. All could be correct just like styles in artwork we cannot claim that this artwork style is wrong or correct because artwork style is an artwork style, but we can assess the success of specific style in specific case. So, The Leader is just like the chief Architect or the Maestro who leads all the concert performances, although the musician is better than him technically in solo performance. So, Leadership cannot be judged as mathematical exact definitive equations but could be assessed as an artwork that has its own scientific fundamentals. Therefore, the smartest way of clarifying the best leadership practice is to explore the toxic leadership because simply, if toxicity is eliminated or bypassed, then the rest are acceptable, hence, any style could be accepted upon the case and the achievements.

Toxicity in Leadership discussion: According to personality and leadership research: (leadership from dark triad perspective in multiple types of organization: a discovery of nature and style of leaders in government, semi government and private sector, international journal of management (ijm)) under reference ((DOI:10.34218/IJM.12.4.2021.053) published in April 2021, by (ALNAGGAR A. | ALI A. | DR. JONES A.): A number of “dark triad traits (Narcissists, Machiavellians, and Psychopaths) are present” in leadership roles because of their high desire for authority and social superiority preference.

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  “dark triad traits (Narcissists, Machiavellians, and Psychopaths)

Definitions as per The American Psychological Association (APA):

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) as per (APA) (Psychiatry): a mental health condition characterized by an unreasonably high sense of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a diminished ability to empathize with others' feelings.

Psychopaths: The American Psychological Association (APA) doesn't have a specific diagnosis for "psychopathy" in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The closest diagnosis as per (National Health Service NHS-England) & (National Library of Medicine NLM-USA) in the DSM-5 is (antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)). While ASPD is a broader diagnosis, it shares many characteristics with psychopathy:

• Lack of empathy: Difficulty understanding and sharing the feelings of others.

• Manipulativeness: A tendency to use others for personal gain.

• Impulsivity: Acting without thinking about the consequences.

• Irresponsibility: A disregard for obligations and commitments.

• Reckless disregard for safety: A tendency to engage in risky and dangerous behavior.

** It's important to note that not everyone with ASPD exhibits all the characteristics of psychopathy, and not all psychopaths meet the criteria for ASPD. Psychopathy is often considered a more severe form of ASPD, characterized by a more pronounced lack of empathy, a higher degree of manipulativeness, and a greater tendency towards violence.

(Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) as per (APA)): According to the American Psychological Association (APA), Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a mental health condition characterized by a persistent pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. This pattern of behavior often begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. People with ASPD may exhibit the following characteristics:

• Failure to conform to social norms: They may repeatedly engage in behaviors that violate the law, such as theft, assault, or fraud.

• Deceitfulness: They may lie, con, or manipulate others for personal gain.

• Impulsivity: They may act impulsively without considering the consequences.

• Irritability and aggressiveness: They may become easily irritated and aggressive, often leading to physical fights or assaults.

• Reckless disregard for safety: They may engage in risky and dangerous behavior, such as reckless driving or substance abuse.

• Lack of remorse or guilt: They may not feel remorse or guilt for their actions, even when they harm others.

** It's important to note that ASPD is a complex disorder, and not everyone with these characteristics has ASPD. A diagnosis of ASPD can only be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Machiavellians: The term "Machiavellian" is derived from the Italian philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli, who wrote the influential political treatise "The Prince" in the 16th century. Machiavelli, who indicated in his book "The end justifies the means", advocated for the use of cunning, deception, and manipulation to achieve political power and maintain it. There is no specific definition of "Machiavellianism" as a formal mental disorder. However, the concept of Machiavellianism is well-established in psychology as a personality trait characterized by:

• Manipulativeness: A tendency to use others for personal gain.

• Deceitfulness: A willingness to lie and cheat to achieve goals.

• Lack of empathy: A difficulty in understanding and sharing the feelings of others.

• Focus on self-interest: A primary concern with personal power and success.

• Cynical worldview: A belief that people are inherently selfish and untrustworthy

Evaluation Justifications based on the definitions of (Narcissists, Machiavellians, and Psychopaths)

Narcissistic is the lower rank because it is an unreasonably high sense of self-importance, which exists in some kids and it is not so dangerous

Machiavellians is the worst toxic mentality because Niccolò Machiavelli, indicated in his book "The end justifies the means", advocated for the use of cunning, deception, and manipulation to achieve target, so everything are justified during the journey towered the target, even crimes!, therefor any combination includes Machiavellians would get higher rank.

Psychopaths would come in the 2nd stage because it could led to a Serious medical conditions such as (Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)), therefore the combination of Machiavellians and Psychopaths defeat any other 2 component combinations

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  Evaluation of the Toxicity of the Dark Triad traits

Conclusion:

Machiavellians with Psychopaths are the worst combination, whither Narcissistic added or not. Nevertheless, for sure the optimum worst combination is Machiavellians | Psychopaths | Narcissistic

References

1. (Alnaggar, A. | Ali, A. | Dr. Jones, A.) (April 2021) (leadership from dark triad perspective in multiple types of organization: a discovery of nature and style of leaders in government, semi government and private sector, international journal of management) (Research gate) (DOI:10.34218/IJM.12.4.2021.053)

2. (23 December 2021) (Antisocial personality disorder) (National Health Service-England) (https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/antisocial-personality-disorder)

3. (30 Jan 2024) (What Is Narcissistic Personality Disorder?) (American Psychiatric Association (APA)-USA) (https://www.psychiatry.org/news-room/apa-blogs/what-is-narcissistic-personality-disorder)

4. Kristy, A. Fisher | Tyler, J. Torrico | Hany, M.) (29 Feb 2024) (Antisocial Personality Disorder) (National library of Medicine-USA) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546673)

5. (15 Nov 2023) (APA Dictionary of Psychology- antisocial personality disorder) (https://dictionary.apa.org/antisocial-personality-disorder)

6. (Honeycutt K.) (Niccolò Machiavelli (1469—1527)) (Internet Encyclopedia of philosophy) (https://iep.utm.edu/machiave/#SH3a)

7. (The Prince) (wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prince)

8. (Niccolò Machiavelli) (wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli)