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Closed Wall System refers to a specific type of panelized construction method. The Closed Wall system is fully integrated – designed, manufactured, and built in a fabrication facility. This system utilizes different materials, methods and means for residential construction, all deemed necessary to meet increased housing demand.[1]
The Closed Wall System comprises a light gauge steel frame, foam insulation, all mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP), interior solid-surface and exterior cladding, HVAC, and windows. The Closed Wall System is utilized for interior and exterior walls, as well as for floor cassettes. The walls are transported to the build site and assembled in a plug & play manner to form the structure.
History/Background
editModern methods of construction vary in their advantages – all bring some sort of benefit an an industry that has not seen marked innovation improvement for a century. Prefabrication and panelized building methods are not new to either residential or commercial buildings. Basic panels have been used for wall framing and roof and floor trusses. The origins of prefabricated construction date back to 1624 in Massachusetts. The introduction of structural insulated panels (SIP) advanced the panelized approach in the 1930s. The SIP approach is comprised of rigid foam insulation sandwiched between two structural facings. The panelized construction approach has been significantly advanced with the development of the Closed Wall System given the advanced materials and inclusion of all MEP.[2][3][4]
Advantages of the Closed Wall System
edit- Speed to market
- Reduced costs
- Higher quality
- Better sustainability outcomes
- Safer working environment
The Closed Wall System enables a 10x faster time to build than traditional stick-built construction for many reasons, one of which is the controlled environment and application of repeatable processes. Another contributing factor is the streamlined inspection process. The Closed Wall System is inspected in the fabrication facility under the Factory Built Housing[5] (FBH) program. Each state has its method for implementation, minimizing the time required for onsite inspections. Costs are reduced through supply chain optimization, repeatability of processes, and reliance on general labor rather than trades. The system produces higher-quality homes as a result of the materials used and the precise nature of the fabrication method.[6][7][8]
This precision also eliminates waste from the construction process and site – delivering a 95% diversion rate. The Closed Wall System also lends itself to a lower carbon footprint through a higher wall R-value and the use of recycled content. The solid surface internal cladding is a non-porous, healthy material yielding an environment free of mold, bacteria, and odor.[9][10]
Impact and Reception
editThe reception of panelized construction methods has varied from highly receptive in areas of Europe, the UK, and Australia to growing reception in North America. Multifamily makes up 48.6% of the offsite construction revenue in Europe.[11] The Closed Wall System can further improve reception due to the quality of the build.
The Closed Wall System has been deployed in single-family, multi-family, and townhome communities delivering top-quality, highly energy-efficient homes.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ McKinsey & Company (June 2020). "The next normal in construction" (PDF). McKinsey & Company: 13 – via McKinsey & Company.
- ^ Allen, Don (July 2020). "Reaching a new level of sophistication with panelized construction". Construction Specifier.
- ^ Hearn, Jane (June 13, 2018). "A short history of prefabrication". Prefab Museum.
- ^ Structural Insulated Panel Association (SIPA). "Introduction to SIPs" (PDF). Sips.org.
- ^ https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/housing/faqs_mhcss_3rd_set_final_rule
- ^ "Panelized Building Systems: Designs and Benefits". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
- ^ "Factory-Built Housing | California Department of Housing and Community Development". www.hcd.ca.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-27.
- ^ Ghosh, Somik; Bigelow, Ben F.; Patel, Vivek S. (2021). "Panelization: A Step Toward Increased Efficiency in Homebuilding". Cityscape. 23 (3): 335–344. ISSN 1936-007X.
- ^ Lopez, Diana; Froese, Thomas M. (2016-01-01). "Analysis of Costs and Benefits of Panelized and Modular Prefabricated Homes". Procedia Engineering. ICSDEC 2016 – Integrating Data Science, Construction and Sustainability. 145: 1291–1297. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.166. ISSN 1877-7058.
- ^ Li, Hong Xian; Naseri Esfahani, Mehrdad; Gul, Mustafa; Yu, Haitao; Mah, Don; Al-Hussein, Mohamed (2014-05-13). "Carbon Footprint of Panelized Construction: An Empirical and Comparative Study". American Society of Civil Engineers: 494–503. doi:10.1061/9780784413517.051. ISBN 978-0-7844-1351-7.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ https://www.modular.org/european-council/6%+of+the+offsite+construction+revenue+in+Europe