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Dragon silk is a material created by Kraig Biocraft Laboratories of Ann Arbor, Michigan from genetically modified silkworms to create body armor. Dragon silk combines the elasticity and strength of spider silk. It has the tensile strength as high as 1.79 gigapascals (as much as 37%) and the elasticity above 38% exceeding the maximum reported features of the spider silk.[citation needed] It is reported that dragon silk is more flexible than the "Monster Silk" and stronger than the "Big Red, recombinant spider silk designed for increased strength.[1]
Mechanical properties
editDragon silk has properties higher than that of any other fiber ever noticed.
Tensile Strength
editTensile strength of dragon silk is higher than that of steel (450-2000 MPa). The reported strength of dragon silk is as high as 1.79 GPa, which is 37% higher than the widely reported spider silk. Its tensile strength is higher than the "Big Red silk," which had been reported as the strongest fiber ever made. "Bid Red Silk" was developed in the same laboratories as dragon silk.
Flexibility
editDragon silk is far more flexible than Kevlar (the material used by US Army to develop body armor). Its flexibility is 38% higher than normal spider silk and is noticeably more flexible than the "Monster silk" from the same laboratory. In percentage, Kevlar's flexibility is 3% and dragon silk's flexibility is 30% to 40%.
History
editIn 2010, the scientists discovered the first spider silk[citation needed], which was a great achievement, as it is one of the strongest natural fiber. But the problem was that spiders are cannibalistic and territorial, so it is impossible to create a cost-effective spider farm. To overcome this problem, eight scientists, three from Kraig Labs, developed a method for making spider-like silk from silkworms.[2] In 2011, Malcolm J. Fraser, Donald L. Jarvis and their colleagues published a study in which they described how they engineered transgenic silkworms to do so. In this study, the scientists adjusted the silkworms' silk-making protein using piggyBac vectors and combined it with the spiders' protein to build unique forms of silkworms, which they call "super silkworms", that can spin composite spider/silkworm silk.
Kraig Biocraft was contracted with the US Army in 2017-2018 to assemble ballistic shoot packs from Dragon Silk to evaluate its potential for applications in protective apparel.[3]
Since the production of Dragon Silk, Kraig Biocraft Laboratories has gone on to create other forms of spider silk from silkworms, some with a purity rate almost ten times greater than Dragon Silk.[4]
References
edit- ^ Labs, Kraig (29 June 2015). "Dragon SIlk Features". Soldiersystems. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
- ^ Teulé, Florence; Miao, Yun-Gen; Sohn, Bong-Hee; Kim, Young-Soo; Hull, J.; Fraser, Jr., Malcolm; Lewis, Randolph; Jarvis, Donald (January 17, 2012). "Silkworms transformed with chimeric silkworm/spider silk genes spin composite silk fibers with improved mechanical properties". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (3): 923–928. doi:10.1073/pnas.1109420109. PMC 3271896. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Textiles, Innovation in. "First roll of Dragon Silk fabric ready for US Army". Innovation in Textiles. Inside Textiles. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Textiles, Innovation in. "Kraig Labs' announces almost pure spider silk breakthrough". Innovation in Textiles. Inside Textiles. Retrieved 13 October 2024.