The Drakensberger is a South African breed of cattle. It is a dual-purpose breed, reared both for milk and for meat.[4]: 171 Its origins go back to the early nineteenth century, to the time of the Great Trek or earlier, when imported European stock from Holland was cross-bred with black cattle of Sanga type obtained from nomadic pastoralist Khoikhoi peoples.[4]: 171 It is one of several successful African composite breeds of Sanga and European stock.[5]: 597 In the early days it was selected for adaptation to the sourveld biome of South Africa, and for black colour; it was kept principally along the Drakensberg escarpment, which gave rise to its modern name.[6]: 78 It was established as a breed with the formation of the Drakensberger Cattle Breeders' Society in 1947.[4]: 171 [7]
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| Country of origin | South Africa |
| Distribution | Southern Africa, Australia[3] |
| Use | dual-purpose |
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History
editThe origins of the Drakensberger go back to the early nineteenth century, to the time of the Great Trek or earlier, when imported European stock from Holland was cross-bred with black cattle of Sanga type obtained from nomadic pastoralist Khoikhoi peoples.[4]: 171 These cross-breeds developed into a type or breed known as the Vaderlander; there was some selection both for black colour and for adaptation to the sourveld biome of South Africa.[4]: 171
After the Second Boer War of 1899–1902, during which Boer livestock was often systematically slaughtered by British troops, few Boer cattle remained. Among those surviving was a herd bred by one Cornelis Uys in the latter nineteenth century from Afrikander, Basuto, Nguni and Vaderlander stock, and known as Uysbees or Uys cattle.[4]: 171 [5]: 625 In the early twentieth century two cross-bred types had emerged: the Kemp from Afrikander and Freisian, and the Tintern Black from Afrikander and Nguni stock.[4]: 171 [5]: 625 In 1947 these were merged with the Uysbees to create the Drakensberger, for which a breed society, the Drakensberger Cattle Breeders' Society, was formed.[4]: 171 [5]: 625 [7]
The Drakensberger is distributed in most provinces of South Africa, in a range extending approximately from Humansdorp in the south-west to Messina in the north-east; it is also present in Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho and Namibia.[4]: 171 [6]: 78 [3] Some embryos were sent to Australia in 2006, and a small population was established there.[4]: 171 In that year new registrations in South Africa were approximately 5500 per year, more or less equally divided between male and female stock.[6]: 79 In 2008 the total registered South African population numbered 13355 head in 73 herds, of which all but two were performance-recorded;[4]: 171 in 2022 a breeding stock of 8930 cows and 2660 bulls was reported.[2] The conservation status of the breed world-wide is 'not at risk';[1]: 133 [3] for South Africa it was listed in 2023 as 'at risk/vulnerable'.[2]
Characteristics
editThe Drakensberger is of predominantly taurine (European cattle) type. It is of medium to large size, with body weights in the range 900–1100 kg for bulls and 500–700 kg for cows; weights in Eswatini are considerably lower, averaging 654 kg for bulls and 410 kg for cows.[4]: 171 It is always black.[6]: 78
Use
editIt is a dual-purpose breed, reared both for milk and for meat.[4]: 171
References
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- ^ a b Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d Breed data sheet: Drakensberger / South Africa (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2022.
- ^ a b c Transboundary breed: Cattle: Drakensberger. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ a b c d Marleen Felius (1995). Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. ISBN 9789054390176.
- ^ a b c d [National Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Council] (June 2006). South African Country Report on Farm Animal Genetic Resources. Pretoria: Department of Agriculture. Annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 10 January 2017.
- ^ a b Origin and History. Drakensberger Breeders' Society of South Africa. Accessed July 2022.