Driggs-Seabury Ordnance Company was founded in 1897 by William H. Driggs and Samuel Seabury, both US Navy officers, in partnership with William's brother Louis Labadie "L. L." Driggs,[1] originally to produce guns for the US Army and US Navy designed by the partners. After a few reorganizations and an entry into the motor vehicle market, the company reorganized again in 1925; its ultimate fate is unclear from references.[2]
| Industry | Artillery, Automotive |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1897 |
| Founder |
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| Headquarters |
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Key people |
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| Products | Naval artillery, Army artillery, motor vehicles |
History
editDriggs-Seabury was preceded by the Driggs-Schroeder series of weapons, designed by W. H. Driggs and Seaton Schroeder in the late 1880s and produced by the American Ordnance Company in the 1890s. Driggs-Seabury incorporated the former Seabury Gun Company at its founding. Driggs-Seabury's plant was initially in Derby, Connecticut, in the former Brady Manufacturing facility.[3] Although Seabury died in 1902, followed by Driggs in 1908, the company continued under the leadership of Driggs' brother Louis Labadie "L. L." Driggs until at least 1935.[4] L. L. Driggs was formerly with the American Ordnance Company, manufacturer of Driggs-Schroeder weapons.[3] The company moved production to Sharon, Pennsylvania in 1904; the US Rapid Fire Gun and Power Co. acquired the plant in Derby.[3] The company manufactured motor vehicles 1913–15 and 1921–25, but sold its weapons production and plant in Sharon to Savage Arms in a 1915 merger.[5][6][7][8] Under Savage Arms, the Sharon plant made Lewis guns in World War I. A probably related "Driggs Ordnance Company" existed in 1917.[9] Dropping the Seabury name, Driggs was reconstituted as a motor vehicle manufacturer in New Haven, Connecticut in 1921, confusingly named "Driggs Ordnance & Manufacturing Corporation". Driggs went into receivership in 1925 due to delivery of inferior taxicabs.[10]
Driggs was reorganized out of receivership as "Driggs Ordnance and Engineering" in 1925. Over the next ten years, with assistance from the War and Navy departments, Driggs attempted to gain foreign orders and resume manufacturing in the United States. These efforts mostly involved anti-aircraft guns, both land and shipboard types, already in service with the United States and made partially with Driggs-designed components. The countries Driggs solicited included Poland, Denmark, Turkey, Greece, Lithuania, Venezuela, Colombia, and Guatemala. The military departments were attempting to increase the munitions manufacturing capacity of the United States, and required Driggs to secure orders of sufficient size to accomplish this before releasing plans of the non-Driggs components of these weapons to Driggs. The attempts to gain foreign orders appear to have been unsuccessful; in January 1932 L.L. Driggs wrote to the US Army's Chief of Ordnance that other governments were making even greater efforts on behalf of their companies. The ultimate fate of the Driggs company after 1935 is unclear.[4]
Weapons
edit
Weapons produced by Driggs-Seabury included:
- 3-inch gun M1898 (a.k.a. 15-pounder),[11] a coast defense weapon for the Army on a retractable "masking parapet" carriage, also made by Driggs-Seabury. 120 guns and carriages were built. The weapon's barrel and breech were later used as the basis for the 3-inch gun M1918, an anti-aircraft weapon.[4] Due to frequent breakage of the recoil piston rod when fired, the M1898 seacoast weapons were removed from service in the early 1920s.[12][13]
- US Navy 3"/23 caliber gun Mark 13 during World War I. This had a semi-automatic horizontal sliding breech block. In this case semi-automatic means the breech opens and the cartridge case is ejected on firing, ready for the next round to be loaded manually.[14]
- The Navy 6-pounder Mark 11 and 3-pounder Mark 14 were made by Driggs-Seabury.[15]
- Two 6-pounder (57 mm (2.24 in)) Driggs-Seabury guns were adopted by the US Army and designated the M1898 and M1900. Twenty M1898 and forty M1900 weapons were procured. Seventeen of the M1898 weapons were used on troop transports in the Spanish–American War.[16] For land service, the 6-pounders were on "parapet" or "rampart" mounts which allowed a wheeled carriage to be fixed to a pintle mount.[17] Some of these weapons were used at coastal forts in limited quantities beginning circa 1900, usually two per fort, and 12 were at Fort Ruger, Oahu, Hawaii 1915–19 under the Land Defense Project, which also included guns in the Philippines.[17][18] (The Marks II and III Driggs-Seabury weapons mentioned in some sources are actually earlier Driggs-Schroeder weapons manufactured by American Ordnance, possibly similar to the Navy Marks 6 and 8.)[19][15]
- A 3.2-inch field gun was featured in Scientific American in 1898, possibly an unsuccessful bid and possibly related to a Driggs-Schroeder "limited recoil" carriage for the 3.2-inch gun M1890, submitted to the US Army in 1895. It was not adopted by the US Army.[20][21][22]
- The breech mechanisms for the US Navy 3"/50 caliber gun Marks 5 and 10 (the latter used on USS Raleigh, whose AA guns were inspected by Turkey in hopes of Driggs gaining sales), and the US Army's 105 mm anti-aircraft gun M3.[4][23]
Vehicles
editThe vehicles produced by Driggs-Seabury and Driggs (some of which were other manufacturers' designs) included:
- 1913 Twombly cyclecar, a small two-seat automobile. Cyclecars were small, inexpensive vehicles that were popular 1910–29.[24]
- 1915 Vulcan Power Wagon truck, rated at three to seven tons depending on model.[25][26]
- 1921 Driggs Model D, a coupe.[27]
- 1923 Driggs taxicab, a version of the Model D built for the Diamond Taxicab Company of New York City. Another successful bidder was Elcar, and an unsuccessful one was Ace.[28] Driggs' delivery of taxicabs not built to contract specifications caused their 1925 receivership.[10]
Other products
editDriggs Ordnance Company advertised a boat engine designed for quiet operation in 1917.[9]
See also
edit- Driggs Ordnance & Manufacturing Corporation on German Wikipedia
References
edit- ^ Court of Appeals of the State of New York (1922). calendar no. 47. New York: The Hecla Press. p. 8.
- ^ Patent assigned by William Hale Driggs in 1906 to Driggs-Seabury Ordnance Corp.
- ^ a b c Williford, p. 222
- ^ a b c d U.S. Senate committee on investigation of the munitions industry (1935). Munitions Industry. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 179–184.
- ^ Poor’s Manual of Industrials, 1916, Vol. 7, New York: Redmond & Co., pp. 1722–1726
- ^ Unofficial Savage Arms company history
- ^ "Official Savage Arms company history". Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
- ^ Official Savage Arms history outline
- ^ a b "Speed with Silence" advertisement, Power Boating magazine, July 1917, p. 7
- ^ a b Supreme Court of the State of New York (1925). Papers on appeal, amended complaint. New York: Press of Fremont Payne. p. 9–27.
- ^ Lohrer, George L. Ordnance Supply Manual, U. S. Ordnance Dept., Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, pp. 295-300
- ^ Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2004). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Second ed.). CDSG Press. pp. 70–71, 200–228. ISBN 0-9748167-0-1.
- ^ Smith, Bolling W. (Fall 2019). "The Driggs-Seabury 15-pounder (3-inch) Masking-Parapet Carriage". Coast Defense Journal. Vol. 33, no. 4. Mclean, Virginia: CDSG Press. pp. 16–18.
- ^ DiGiulian, Tony 3"/23 gun at Navweaps.com
- ^ a b Campbell, p. 147
- ^ Lohrer, George L. Ordnance Supply Manual, U. S. Ordnance Dept., Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, pp. 282-295
- ^ a b Berhow, pp. 188–189
- ^ Williford, pp. 44–45
- ^ DiGiulian, Tony US 6-pounder guns Mks 1-13
- ^ "Blueprint for a Driggs-Schroeder 3.2-inch gun from Winchester Repeating Arms Company, at the Buffalo Bill Center of the West". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
- ^ Scientific American, Vol. 79, Issue 6, article on the 3.2-inch Driggs-Seabury field gun
- ^ Ordnance Corps, US Army (1896). Annual Report of the Chief of Ordnance, Field Material section. Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 53.
- ^ DiGiulian, Tony, 3-inch gun Marks 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8 at Navweaps.com
- ^ Twombly cyclecar description Archived copy
- ^ Hemmings Motor News, December 2011
- ^ Vulcan Power Wagon article, 1912
- ^ History of Early American Automobile Industry, 1921, Ch. 29, Section “Driggs” (from Motor Age magazine)
- ^ "Diamond Cab built by Driggs Company", Automotive Industries magazine, 5 October 1922
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
- Williford, Glen M. (2016). American Breechloading Mobile Artillery, 1875–1953. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-5049-8.
