Dry glue is an adhesion product based upon the adaptations of geckos' feet that allow them to climb sheer surfaces such as vertical glass. Synthetic equivalents use carbon nanotubes as synthetic setae on reusable adhesive patches.
Background
edit
A gecko can hang on a glass surface using only one toe. This ability is attributed to van der Waals force,[1][2] although a more recent study suggests that water molecules of roughly monolayer thickness (present on virtually all natural surfaces) also play a role.[3]
Developments
editIn 2007, researchers from the University of Akron and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute announced they had developed a form of flexible, reusable gecko tape using carbon nanotubes to create microscopic synthetic setae and spatulae capable of supporting a shear stress of 32 N/cm2, which is four times the strength of a gecko's foot.[4]
In 2008 researchers from the University of Dayton reported a gecko glue capable of supporting 100N/cm2, ten times the strength generated by a gecko's foot. The research also used carbon nanotubes, but included a curled end which allowed stronger binding but easy removal.[5] Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has a project called "Z-Man" that is attempting to develop a fabric allowing soldiers to scale vertical walls while carrying a full combat load.[6] In February 2012 Nitto Denko developed a version of gecko tape capable of sticking at temperatures between -150 and 500°C.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Researchers discover how geckos know when to hold tight". Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ Autumn, Kellar; Sitti, Metin; Liang, Yiching A.; et al. (2002). "Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 99 (19): 12252–12256. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9912252A. doi:10.1073/pnas.192252799. PMC 129431. PMID 12198184.
- ^ Huber, G.; Mantz, H.; Spolenak, R.; Mecke, K.; Jacobs, K.; Gorb, S. N.; Arzt, E. (2005). "Evidence for capillarity contributions to gecko adhesion from single spatula nanomechanical measurements". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 102 (45): 16293–16296. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10216293H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0506328102. PMC 1283435. PMID 16260737.
- ^ Ge, L.; Sethi, S.; Ci, L.; Ajayan, P. M.; Dhinojwala, A. (2007). "Carbon nanotube-based synthetic gecko tapes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (26): 10792–10795. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10410792G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703505104. PMC 1904109. PMID 17578915.
- ^ Qu, L.; Dai, L.; Stone, M.; Xia, Z.; Wang, Z. L. (2008). "Carbon Nanotube Arrays with Strong Shear Binding-On and Easy Normal Lifting-Off". Science. 322 (5899): 238–242. Bibcode:2008Sci...322..238Q. doi:10.1126/science.1159503. PMID 18845750. S2CID 9597020.
- ^ Goodman, M. "Z-man". DARPA. Archived from the original on 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2012-07-27.
- ^ "Nitto Denko's "Gecko Tape" achieves precise, contamination-free analysis service in the -150- 500°C range" (Press release). Nitto Denko. 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2012-07-27.