Dudchenko (Ukrainian: Дудченко) is a surname of Ukrainian origin. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alexei Dudchenko (born 1984), Russian acrobatic gymnast
- Anton Dudchenko (born 1996), Ukrainian biathlete
- Inga Dudchenko (born 1988), Kazakhstani rower
- Kostyantyn Dudchenko (born 1986), Ukrainian footballer
- Olga Dudchenko (born 1987), Kazakhstani biathlete