Dyachenko is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alexsandr Dyachenko (born 1983), Kazakh cyclist
- Alexander Dyachenko (born 1990), Russian sprint canoer
- Alexandr Dyachenko (born 1980), Kazakh beach volleyball player
- Fedir Dyachenko (1917–1995), Hero of the Soviet Union
- Darya Dyachenko (1924–1944), partisan and Hero of the Soviet Union
- Maryna and Serhiy Dyachenko (born 1968 and 1945–2022), Ukrainian sci-fi writers
- Petro Dyachenko (1895–1965), Ukrainian military commander
- Rod Dyachenko (born 1983), Russian soccer player
- Tatyana Dyachenko (born 1960), daughter of Boris Yeltsin