Dzunukwa

Dzunuḵ̓wa (pronounced "zoo-noo-kwah"), also Tsonoqua, Tsonokwa, Basket Ogress, is a figure in Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology and Nuu-chah-nulth mythology.

Dzunukwa holding tináa (copper shields) outside the Burke Museum of the University of Washington, Seattle, WA

Description

She is an ancestor of the Namgis clan through her son, Tsilwalagame. She is venerated as a bringer of wealth, but is also greatly feared by children, because she is also known as an ogress who steals children and carries them home in her basket to eat.

Her appearance is that of a naked old monster, black in colour, with long pendulous breasts.^[1] She is also described as having bedraggled hair.^[2] In masks and totem pole images she is shown with bright red pursed lips^[3] because she is said to give the call "Hu!" It is often told to children that the sound of the wind blowing through the cedar trees is actually the call of Dzunuḵ̓wa.

Some myths say that she is able to bring herself back from the dead (an ability which she uses in some myths to revive her children) and regenerate any wound. She has limited eyesight, and can be easily avoided because she can barely see. She is also said to be rather drowsy and dim-witted. She possesses great wealth and will bestow it upon those who are able to get control of her child.

In one myth a band^[who?] tricks her into falling into a pit of fire. The tribe burned her for many days until nothing was left, which prevented her from reviving herself. It is said that the ashes that came off this fire turned into mosquitoes.

Role in the Kwakwaka'wakw potlatch ceremony

At the end of a Kwakwaka'wakw potlatch ceremony, the host chief comes out bearing a mask of Dzunuḵ̓wa which is called the geekumhl. This is the sign that the ceremony is over.

Notes

^ U'mista Museum, Dzunukwa Mask [1] Archived 2017-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, Kwakwakawakw Museum in Alert Bay
^ Thom, Ian M.; McMichael Canadian Art Collection (2009). Challenging traditions: contemporary First Nations art of the Northwest Coast (illustrated ed.). Publisher Douglas & McIntyre. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-55365-414-8. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
^ Hawker, Ronald W. (2016-01-01). Yakuglas' Legacy: The Art and Times of Charlie James. University of Toronto Press. doi:10.3138/9781442620131-009. ISBN 978-1-4426-2013-1.

References

Hawthorn, Audrey (1988). Kwakiutl Art. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-88894-612-6.
Jonaitis, Aldona (1991). Chiefly Feasts: The Enduring Kwakiutl Potlatch. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-97114-8.
McDowell, Jim (1997). Hamatsa: The Enigma of Cannibalism on the Pacific Northwest Coast. Ronsdale Press. ISBN 978-0-921870-47-0.
Wallas, James and Pamela Whitaker (1989). Kwakiutl Legends. Hancock House Publishing. ISBN 978-0-88839-230-5.

External links

Information about Dzunukwa in Dutch
Dzunukwa mask held at Brooklyn Museum Archived 2007-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
Dzunukwa Mask at Umista Museum Archived 2017-04-09 at the Wayback Machine

[1] U'mista Museum, Dzunukwa Mask [1] Archived 2017-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, Kwakwakawakw Museum in Alert Bay

[2] Thom, Ian M.; McMichael Canadian Art Collection (2009). Challenging traditions: contemporary First Nations art of the Northwest Coast (illustrated ed.). Publisher Douglas & McIntyre. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-55365-414-8. Retrieved February 2, 2011.

[3] Hawker, Ronald W. (2016-01-01). Yakuglas' Legacy: The Art and Times of Charlie James. University of Toronto Press. doi:10.3138/9781442620131-009. ISBN 978-1-4426-2013-1.

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