List of early Lithuanian dukes

(Redirected from Early dukes of Lithuania)

Early dukes of Lithuania (including Samogitia) reigned before Lithuanians were unified by Mindaugas into a state, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. While the Palemonids legend provides genealogy from the 10th century, only few dukes were mentioned by contemporary historical sources. All of them were mentioned in written sources the 13th century. Data about them is extremely scarce and is usually limited to few brief sentences. The primary sources are the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia and Hypatian Codex.

Rulers recorded in historical sources

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Vykintas, one of the early Samogitian dukes, as depicted by Alexander Guagnini

Of the dukes who signed the peace treaty, only four are mentioned in other written sources: Mindaugas, who went on to become the Grand Duke of Lithuania and was crowned as King of Lithuania in 1253, Vykintas, leader of anti-Mindaugas coalition during the civil war in 1248–1251, Bikšys and Ligeikis, both identified as Mindaugas relatives and nobles, mentioned in a document, dated 1260 and sometimes considered a forgery.[23][24]

See also

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  Lithuania portal

References

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  1. ^ (in Lithuanian) Daugirdaitė-Sruogienė, Vanda (1966). Lietuvos istorija (6th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: TERRA. LCCN 67037106.
  2. ^ Baranauskas, Tomas. "Žvelgaitis". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  3. ^ Jonynas, Ignas (1937). "Daugirutis". In Vaclovas Biržiška (ed.). Lietuviškoji enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. VI. Kaunas: Spaudos Fondas. p. 108.
  4. ^ Baranauskas, Tomas. "Brandieji viduramžiai: II dalis (1183-1283 m.)". Chronologija (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos.net. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  5. ^ Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Ringaudas". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. IV. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 500–501. LCCN 74-114275.
  6. ^ Petrauskas, Rimvydas. "Ringaudas". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  7. ^ Butkevičienė, Birutė; Vytautas Gricius (July 2003). "Mindaugas — Lietuvos karalius". Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas (in Lithuanian). 7 (547). Archived from the original on 2007-05-23. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  8. ^ Baranauskas, Tomas. "Živinbudas". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  9. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Daujotas". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  10. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Dausprungas". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  11. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Mindaugas". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  12. ^ Baranauskas, Tomas. "Viligaila". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  13. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Erdvilas". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  14. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas; Matulevičius, Algirdas. "Vykintas". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Ruškaičiai". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  16. ^ Baranauskas, Tomas. "Plikienė". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  17. ^ a b c d Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Bulionys". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  18. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Juodikis". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  19. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Buteikis". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  20. ^ Gudavičius, Edvardas. "Bikšys". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  21. ^ Petrauskas, Rimvydas. "Ligeikis". Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  22. ^ Eidintas et al. (2013), pp. 22, 26–28
  23. ^ "Iškilūs žemaičiai ir jų darbai" (in Lithuanian). Regionų kultūrinių iniciatyvų centras. 2006-03-18. Archived from the original on 2007-05-24. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  24. ^ Baranauskas, Tomas (2002-12-07). "Kur buvo Lietuvos žemė?". Voruta. 21–23 (519–521). Retrieved 2007-05-30.
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