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East Central German or East Middle German (German: Ostmitteldeutsch) is the eastern Central German language and is part of High German. Present-day Standard German as a High German variant,[1] has actually developed from a compromise of East Central (especially Upper Saxon that was promoted by Johann Christoph Gottsched) and East Franconian German. East Central German dialects are mainly spoken in Central Germany and parts of Brandenburg, and were formerly also spoken in Silesia and Bohemia.
| East Central German | |
|---|---|
| East Middle German (German: Ostmitteldeutsch) | |
| Geographic distribution | Thuringia, Saxony, Berlin, Brandenburg, Silesia |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | east2832 (East Middle German)uppe1400 (Central East Middle German) |
.png) German dialects after 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans from their eastern homelands
Thuringian (17)
North Upper Saxon (18)
South Märkisch (19)
Upper Saxon (20) | |
Dialects
editEast Central German is spoken in large parts of what is today known as the cultural area of Central Germany (Mitteldeutschland).
It comprises according to Glottolog:[2]
- Central East Middle German
- High Prussian (Hochpreußisch) (nearly extinct)
- Thuringian (Thüringisch)
- Upper Saxon (Obersächsisch)
- Anhaltisch
- Meißnisch
- Osterländisch
- Westlausitzisch
- Erzgebirgisch
- Nordobersäschisch-Südmärkisch
- Schlesisch–Wilmesau
- Silesian (Schlesisch) (nearly extinct)
- Old Zipser (Altzipserisch)
- Wymysorys
- Eastern Yiddish (which is a form of Yiddish besides Western Yiddish)
- Silesian (Schlesisch) (nearly extinct)
Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch
editThe dialect area of Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch lies north of Upper-Saxon and north-western of Silesian, in the south it includes parts of Lusatia and in the north, depending on definition, it can include the region around Berlin. It consists of multiple sub-parts, where the switch to High German (from Low German or Sorbian) occurred at different times and under different conditions.[3][4][5][6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^
"Ethnologue: East Middle German". Retrieved 2010-11-24.
"Ethnologue: East Middle German". Retrieved 2021-09-27. - ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "East Middle German". Glottolog 4.3.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
But Glottolog lists the following varieties which can be confused:- Eastern Low German
- Märkisch
- Südmärkisch (lit. South Markish; a form of Low German to which Südmärkisch belonged in the Middle Ages)
- Märkisch
- East Middle German
- Central East Middle German
- Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkisch (lit. North Upper Saxon–South Markish)
- Upper Saxon
- Central East Middle German
- Eastern Low German
- ^ Peter Wiesinger: Die Einteilung der deutschen Dialekte. In: Dialektologie. Ein Handbuch zur deutschen und allgemeinen Dialektforschung. Herausgegeben von Werner Besch, Ulrich Knoop, Wolfgang Putschke, Herbert Ernst Wiegand. Zweiter Halbband. Volume 1.2 of Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (HSK). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York, 1983, p. 807ff., here p. 865ff. (sub-chapter: Das Nordobersächsisch-Südmärkische)
- ^ "Dialekt-Karte_neu « atlas-alltagssprache". Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache (AdA). Archived from the original on 2021-01-10. Retrieved 2021-02-20. Annotated with: "Abb. 20: Die Gliederung der deutschen Dialekte (Wiesinger)"
- ^ Map Deutsche Dialekte: Historische Verteilung by Jost Gippert. A previous version of it was published in: H. Glück (ed.), Metzler Lexikon Sprache, Stuttgart / Weimar, 1993, and later editions.
- Gippert, Jost. "TITUS Didactica: Deutsche Dialekte / German Dialects". titus.uni-frankfurt.de. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. (older than the URLs below)
- Gippert, Jost. "TITUS Didactica: Deutsche Dialekte / German Dialects". titus.uni-frankfurt.de.
- Gippert, Jost. "TITUS Didactica: Deutsche Dialekte / German Dialects". titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de.