East Timor–India relations are the international relations that exist between East Timor and India. The Embassy of India in Jakarta, Indonesia is concurrently accredited to East Timor.[1] East Timor has no diplomatic representation in India. On 7 September 2023, India announced that it would open an embassy in Dili.[2]
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History
editRelations between East Timor and India date back to the early modern period. Indian traders traveled to the island in search of sandalwood.[3] Trade links increased after the Portuguese colonisation of East Timor and portions of India.[4] The Portuguese set up various garrisoned centres in India to carry out this trade, and all of Portugal's territories in Asia—including East Timor—were governed by the Portuguese Viceroy in Goa. Portuguese-trained Goan missionaries arrived in East Timor in the early 17th century,[5] and were influential in spreading Catholicism in the country. Indians also traveled to East Timor to serve as soldiers, colonial bureaucrats, and missionaries. Some Indians arrived in East Timor in the late 19th century to work as migrant labour. A small community of Timorese nationals of Goan descent trace their heritage back to these previous generations of immigrants.[6]
India was the second country to recognize the independence of East Timor.[6] Minister of State for External Affairs, Omar Abdullah led a high-level delegation representing India at East Timor's Independence Day celebrations in May 2002.[7] Abdullah presented letters of felicitations from the President of India, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and the External Affairs Minister. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were formally established on 24 January 2003. At the UN General Assembly in 2003, East Timor Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri announced his country's support for India's candidature for a permanent seat in the UN Security Council.[8]
Indian diplomats Kamlesh Sharma and Atul Khare served as the Special Representative of Secretary General (SRSG) in East Timor until 2004[9] and 2009[10] respectively. India's DPR in New York was a member of the UN Security Council appointed team that visited East Timor in November to assess the situation on the ground and seek feedback from the all parties regarding the withdrawal of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)’s and the situation in the country post-withdrawal.[8]
East Timor voted for India's candidature for a non-permanent seat during 2011-12. The country also supported the election of Poonam Khetrapal Singh for the post of Regional Director, South East Asia Regional office (SEARO),[11]WHO, in September 2013. East Timor co-sponsored a resolution moved by India at the UN General Assembly in January 2015, to declare 21 June as International Yoga Day.[8]
Several high-level visits between officials of the two countries have taken place. East Timorese Vice Minister of Health Natalia D. Araujo visited Delhi to participate in the 'International Conference on Traditional Medicine for South East Asian Countries' in February 2013, and is the first East Timorese government official to visit India. Finance Minister Emília Pires visited India in May 2013 to attend the ADB Governors’ Meeting. Hernâni Coelho was the first East Timorese Foreign Minister to India. He arrived in the country on a two-day visit in 27–29 March 2016 and met with the Minister of External Affairs Sushma Swaraj, Minister of State for External Affairs Vijay Kumar Singh and the Minister of Health and Family Welfare.[8]
In January 2024, José Ramos-Horta made the first visit by an East Timorese president to India.[12] Accompanied by Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Bendito Freitas, he attended the 10th biennial Vibrant Gujarat summit.[13] In August 2024, president Droupadi Murmu made the first visit by an Indian head of state to East Timor, as part of a series of visits to Pacific region countries.[14]
Trade
editBilateral trade between East Timor and India totaled US$3.45 million in 2015–16,[15] declining by 3% from the previous fiscal. India exported $3.42 million worth of goods to East Timor, and imported $30,000. The main commodities exported by India to East Timor are pharmaceuticals, plastics and electrical machinery. The major commodity imported by India from East Timor is chemical products.[8]
The first ever Indian business delegation to East Timor visited the country in October 2014, led by the Indian Ambassador to Indonesia. India provides East Timor with unilateral duty free tariff preferential (DFTP) market access for export of goods and services.[8]
Some Indian firms have made investments in East Timor's oil & gas industry. They are active in oil and gas exploration off the coast of East Timor.[16] Reliance Petroleum was awarded the rights to explore oil in two blocks (EEZ and the JPDA) in 2006 off the coast of East Timor.[6] Reliance Petroleum began gas exploration in the Timor Sea in late 2010.[17] Indian microfinance institution BASIX provided technical assistance to Timorese microfinance institution Tuba Rai Metin.[16]
Tata Motors supplied 400 vehicles for use by the Timorese police and other government agencies in 2006.[6]
Cultural relations
editAs of December 2016, around 25 Indians are employed as advisors in the various Ministries, UN agencies and international donors based in East Timor. There are also some Indian entrepreneurs, and others involved in trading and the restaurant business.[8] There is a small community of Timorese nationals of Goan descent in East Timor. Some members of the community have achieved prominence in the country such as former Defense Minister Roque Rodrigues. Manuel Longuinhos was a Prosecutor General and the first-ever surgeon in East Timor. There are also a few prominent Indian ecumenical and business families.[6]
Several East Timorese students study at Father Muller's educational institutions in Mangalore, Karnataka.[16]
Foreign aid
editAssam-based Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre (CBTC) served as the technical partner for a project to establish a bamboo skills development and demonstration centre in East Timor that was initially begun by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in October 2004. The $1 million project is aimed at establishing bamboo as an important sector in East Timor, and was completed in May 2012.[8]
The Government of India approved a grant in aid for infrastructure projects in East Timor in October 2008. The Indian Embassy in Jakarta donated $100,000 to East Timor in March 2010.[8] In March 2014, India offered to establish a Centre of Excellence in Information Technology (CEIT) in East Timor.[18] India donated a fully equipped ambulance unit which can serve as a mobile operation theatre, funded at a cost of $71,0000 by the Indian Ministry of External Affairs, to the East Timor Health Ministry in January 2016.[8]
IBSA will provide funding for the “Conservation Agriculture, Permaculture and Sustainable Fisheries Management: Enhancing Food and Nutrition Security and Reducing Risk Disaster in TL" project developed by FAO and two NGOs.[8]
Citizens of East Timor are eligible for scholarships under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme, the Indian Council for Cultural Relations,[19] and the General Cultural Scholarship Scheme (GCSS). East Timorese diplomats have also attended the Professional Course for Foreign Diplomats (PCFD) organised by the Foreign Service Institute of the Ministry of External Affairs. India also provided training for East Timorese women in association with the East Timor Development Agency.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Embassy of Timor-Leste in Jakarta, Indonesia". Embassy WorldWide. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ "Delhi In Dili: India To Open Embassy In Timor-Leste; Strengthening ASEAN Ties". Outlook India. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ^ Bhattacharya, Bikash Kumar (2018-06-07). "The Timor-Leste Tree: How East Timor Nearly Lost Its Illustrious Sandalwood". The News Lens International Edition. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ Hays, Jeffrey. "Early History and the Portuguese Colonization of East Timor". factsanddetails.com. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ "East Timor – Portuguese Contact". seasite.niu.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ a b c d e Horta, Loro (October 2007). "Relations with a new nation, How far South East is New Delhi prepared togo?". East Timor and Indonesia Action Network. Pragati - The Indian National Interest Review - No 7. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ "India – Timor Leste Relations" (PDF). Mea-Gov. September 8, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "India – Timor Leste : Bilateral Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. Embassy of India, Jakarta. December 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ "Kamlesh Sharma elected as new Commonwealth Secretary General". India Today. November 24, 2007. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ "Secretary-General Appoints Atul Khare of India as Under-Secretary-General for Field Support | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". www.un.org. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ "World Health Organization, Regional Director". SEARO. Archived from the original on December 25, 2012. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
- ^ "Prime Minister meets the President of Timor-Leste on the sidelines of the 10th Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit 2024". Ministry of External Affairs (India). 9 January 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ de Sa, Jose Belarmino (8 January 2024). "President Horta visits India to participate in the 10th Vibrant Gujarat Summit 2024". Tatoli. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "President of India, Droupadi Murmu, Pays State Visit to Timor-Leste". Government of Timor-Leste. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
- ^ "India –Timor Leste: Bilateral Relations" (PDF). Mea-Gov.
- ^ a b c Pai, Nitin (23 March 2011). "Developing India - Timor-Leste Relations" (PDF). IDRC. Retrieved 14 April 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Pai, Nitin (20 December 2010). "Nitin Pai: For an Indian touch in Timor-Leste". Business Standard India. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ "India offers to set up IT centre in Timor-Leste". NDTV Gadgets360.com. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
- ^ "Africa Scholarships". Indian Council for Cultural Relations. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
Further reading
edit- Singh, Gurjit (28 August 2024). "The emergence of Timor-Leste in Southeast Asia". Observer Research Foundation. Retrieved 30 August 2024.