Edosa pyriata is a moth in the family Tineidae.[1][2][3] The species was first identified in 1917 by English entomologist Edward Meyrick, who is considered to have laid the foundation for the identification of microlepidoptera.[4] Meyrick donated his collection of microlepidoptera to the British Museum (Natural History), where the type specimen is now located.[5]
| Edosa pyriata | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tineidae |
| Genus: | Edosa |
| Species: | E. pyriata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Edosa pyriata Meyrick, 1917
| |
| |
| Range | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
|
Tinea pyriata | |
Geographic range
editEdosa pyriata is found in India in the state of Assam near what was formerly known as the Khasi Hills district of India,[6] which has since been merged with the Jaintia Hills district to form the state of Meghalaya.[7]
Little is published about E. pyriata specifically, however most tineid moths live in areas in which there is a presence of aquatic and freshwater sources.[8] It has been shown that most members of Lepidoptera die quickly if water is not available.[9] The region of Assam in northeastern India is one of two biodiversity hotspots in the country,[10] and is home to many rare and endemic species, such as 1,365 species of Lepidoptera,[11] including 387 species of moths distributed throughout the state.[10]
Reproduction and development
editReproduction
editMating is driven by pheromones emitted by either female or male individuals.[9] The eggs are internally fertilized by male sperm, which enters the eggs through a small pore called the micropyle.[9] Females in the Edosa genus have an apomorphic trait in which their abdominal segments are invaginated to form pockets that contain fine, silky hairs, called a corethrogyne, which attach a protective fluff to the eggs to defend them from parasites.[3]
Development
edit
All moth species, including Edosa pyriata, undergo holometabolous development.[12] This type of metamorphosis includes development through a series of stages, from egg, larva, pupa, finally to maturity.[9] Following the egg stage of development, the moths go through a larval stage in which the primary goal is to consume enough food to provide energy for the growth stage that occurs in the pupa, as well as provide much of the energy for the reproduction and adult phase of life.[9] The pupal phase of development takes place in cocoons, in which the larva that entered the cocoon exits at full maturity.
Lifespan and longevity
editFull developmental time from egg to adult varies greatly between moth species, however average developmental time for Lepidoptera is 30–50 days.[9] On average, adult moths only live for about a week or two.[13] However, adult lifespan differs greatly between species, ranging from a few days up to a year in some cases.[13] In these species with longer lifespans, the moths are able to overwinter via hibernation or migration, similarly to monarch butterflies.[13]
Physical description
editThere isn't a significant amount of literature on the physical description of Edosa pyriata. In species that undergo holometabolism, it can be extremely difficult to accurately identify species while in their larval or pupal life stages as they often differ greatly from their adult forms.[14] However, Meyrick originally describes an adult male specimen with the following features: small to medium in size with wingspan of 8mm, light greyish-ochreous head, grey palpi, grey-whitish antenna, light grey abdomen, elongate and rather narrow forewings, gently arched costa, obtuse and pointed apex, very obliquely rounded, pale ochreous cilia and hindwings that are 5 and 6 stalked.[6] as well as refracting superpositioned eyes.[15] Moths in the Tineidae family share the trait of tented upward pointed wings when at rest.[8]
Food habits, predation and ecosystem roles
editFood habits
editThough the food habits of Edosa pyriata are not recorded, the Tineidae family of moths that it belongs to is known as the fungus moths, due to their unique choice to mainly feed on fungus, lichens and detritus.[8]
Predation and parasitization
editRoles and interactions of Edosa pyriata are not well studied, but members of the Lepidoptera order are known to be parasitized by members of the Copidosoma genus of chalcid wasps.[16] More specifically for tineid moths, Copidosoma nuarzumense is a parasitoid wasp that lays its eggs in the moths, eventually causing the death of the hosts.[17]
Genetic Information
editCurrently, there are no recorded instances of genetic information for Edosa pyriata. Due to difficulty in distinguishing members of the Tineidae family via morphological features, a study of genetic information on this species and others in its family could make identification more consistent and accurate.
References
edit- ^ a b "Edosa pyriata (Meyrick, 1917)". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Edosa pyriata (Meyrick, 1917)". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ a b Robinson, Gaden S. (1 August 2008). "Hidden diversity in small brown moths – the systematics of Edosa (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in Sundaland". Systematics and Biodiversity. 6 (3): 319–384. doi:10.1017/S1477200008002685. ISSN 1477-2000. S2CID 85645567.
- ^ Robinson, Gaden S. (April 1986). "Edward Meyrick: an unpublished essay on phylogeny". Journal of Natural History. 20 (2): 359–367. doi:10.1080/00222938600770261. ISSN 0022-2933.
- ^ "Edward Meyrick 1854–1938". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2 (7): 531–548. 1 January 1939. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1939.0014. ISSN 1479-571X.
- ^ a b Meyrick, Edward; Clarke, J. F. Gates (1912). Exotic microlepidoptera (2nd ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.9241.
- ^ "Origin and Growth of Meghalaya Legislative Assembly". Meghalaya Legislative Assembly. 24 September 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ a b c "Tineid Moths". Encyclopedia of Life. National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (2009). Encyclopedia of Insects (2nd ed.). Academic Press (published 17 June 2009). pp. 559–587. ISBN 978-0-12-374144-8.
- ^ a b "Biodiversity of Assam". Environment & Forest. Government of Assam. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ Joshi, Rahul; Pathania, Prakash C.; Das, Apurva; Mazumder, Arna; Ranjan, Rahul; Singh, Navneet (March 2021). Faunal Diversity of Biogeographic Zones of India: North-East. India, Kolkata: Zoological Survey. pp. 511–576.
- ^ Truman, James W. (2 December 2019). "The Evolution of Insect Metamorphosis". Current Biology. 29 (23): R1252–R1268. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.009. PMID 31794762. S2CID 208541817.
- ^ a b c "How long do butterflies and moths live?". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Metalmark Web and Data. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ Mahlerová, Karolina; Jakubec, Pavel; Novák, Martin; Růžička, Jan (20 August 2021). "Description of larval morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Heterotemna tenuicornis (Silphidae)". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 16973. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94744-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8379240. PMID 34417480.
- ^ Shields, Vonnie D. C.; Heinbockel, Thomas; Kristensen, Niels P. (1 September 2006). "Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Volume 2: Morphology, Physiology, and Development Handbook of Zoology: A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 36". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 99 (5): 988–989. doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2006)99[988:LMABVM]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86345098.
- ^ Alvarez A., Juan Manuel (15 April 1997). "Chapter 26: Largest Parasitoid Brood". Book of Insect Records. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Entomology & Nematology Department. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ Baker, Edward; Kitching, Ian; Beccaloni, George W.; Whitaker, Amoret; Dupont, Steen; Smith, Vincent; Noyes, John S. (8 April 2019) [Created 3 August 2016]. "NHM Interactions Bank". Data Portal (Data set). London: Natural History Museum. doi:10.5519/0060767.