The Eifelgau was a Frankish gau in the region of the present day Limestone Eifel in Germany.
Location and history
editThe Eifelgau derives its name from the Eifel mountains between the Rhine, Ahr, Rur, Our, Sauer and Moselle rivers.[1] It encompasses the source regions of the rivers Erft, Urft, Kyll and Ahr, and is thus located mainly in the northern and northwestern foothills of the Eifel.[2] The Gau was part of Lower Lorraine and belonged to Ripuaria. It corresponded geographically to the Eifel Deanery of the Diocese of Cologne.[1]
Julius Caesar, in his reports about the Gallic War (58–51 BC), called the whole mountain range between the Rhine, Meuse and Moselle, the Arduenna Silva ("Arduenna Forest").[3] Roughly around the 7th century the Franks used the term Ardennes for the mountain range and divided their empire into gaus. The Eifelgau lay east of the Ardennengau.
Over the centuries the name Eifel, originally covering the same area as the Eifelgau, came to be used for a larger and larger region. In the meantime the German part of the mountain range became known as the "Eifel", while the Belgian, French and Luxembourgian areas on the other side of the border became the "Ardennes". An exception is the eastern part of Belgium, where it is still called the Eifel.
In the 11th century the gaus lost their political relevance.
Gaugraves
editThe gau was ruled by gaugraves ("gau counts"):
- Albuin (died after 898), Count of the Eifelgau
- Erenfried (died around 969), Count of the Eifelgau
- Hermann (died 996), Count in the Eifelgau
- Ezzo (died 1064), Count in the Eifelgau
- Heinrich (died around 1061), Count in the Zülpich-Eifelgau
- Theoderich (died around 1086), Count in the Zülpich-Eifelgau
Settlements in the Eifelgau
editAhrdorf, Antweiler, Aremberg, Arloff, Baasem, Bad Münstereifel, Barweiler, Betteldorf, Bewingen, Bouderath, Buir, Dahlem, Engelgau, Frohngau, Gilsdorf, Hillesheim, Holzmülheim, Insul, Iversheim, Kerpen, Kesseling, Lammersdorf, Lessenich, Leudersdorf, Lindweiler, Lommersdorf, Marmagen, Müsch, Nettersheim, Nohn, Oberbettingen, Pesch, Prüm, Reifferscheid, Ripsdorf, Roderath, Satzvey, Schmidtheim, Schuld, Sellerich, Steffeln, Tondorf, Üxheim, Weyer, Wiesbaum and Zingsheim.[4]
Neighbouring gaus
edit- Zülpichgau (old county of Euskirchen)
- Bidgau (region around Bitburg)
- Ardennengau (region around Malmedy)
- Mayenfeldgau (East Eifel)
- Ripuariergau (Rheinbach/Münstereifel)
- Ahrgau
Literature
edit- Hermann Aubin: Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rhinelande. Cologne, 1926.
- Eifel Club: Die Eifel 1888–1988. p. 33 ff. ISBN 3-921805-17-1.
- Gerhardt Kentenich: Zur Stadt- and Gauverfassung im frühen Mittelalter. In: Rheinische Vierteljahresblätter. 1932.
- Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinlande. 7th issue, IV.9: Die mediaeval Gaue. 2000, Map sheet 1, 1st attachment, revised by Thomas Bauer, ISBN 3-7927-1818-9.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Heinrich Beyer; Leopold Eltester; Adam Goerz, eds. (1865), Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz and Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Teritorien: Zweiter Band. Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212 (in German), Koblenz: J. Hölscher, pp. XXIII f, retrieved 2016-12-22
- ^ Hermann Aubin: Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinlande. Cologne, 1926, No. 7.
- ^ Highland is arduenna.
- ^ Heinrich Beyer u.a.: Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch Koblenz, 1860, S.XVIII ff