Eigencolloid is a term derived from the German language (eigen: own) and used to designate colloids made of pure phases. Also known as intrinsic colloids.
Eigencolloids are metal oxyhydroxide colloids on the nanometer scale formed by aggregation of hydrolyzed metal ions. They are characterized by a very large specific surface area (up to 2000 m2/g) and a high reactivity. They hold promise for the development of new industrial catalysts.[1]
Many such colloids are formed by the hydrolysis of heavy metals cations or radionuclides, such as, for example, Tc(OH)4, Th(OH)4, U(OH)4, Pu(OH)4, or Am(OH)3.
The term 'eigencolloid' or 'intrinsic colloid', is often used in distinction to a pseudocolloid. A pseudocolloid is one in which elements (colloids or cations) become adsorbed onto pre-existing groundwater colloids due to their affinity to these colloids or to the hydrophobic properties of the dispersing medium.[2]
In environmental chemistry, enhanced migration of heavy metal and radioactive metal contaminants in ground and surface waters is often facilitated by eigencolloid formation.
Actinide eigencolloids
editEigencolloid formation occurs readily in groundwater upon storage of radioactive waste. Colloid-facilitated transport is a mechanism responsible for the mobilisation of radionuclides into the wider environment, causing radioactive contamination. This is a public health concern, since elevated radioactivity in the environment is mutagenic and can lead to cancer.
Eigencolloids have been implicated in the long-range transport of plutonium on the Nevada Test Site.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Breynaert, Eric (November 2013). "Formation, behaviour and stability of eigencolloids of technetium and chromium". Doctoral Thesis, KU Leuven.
- ^ Pihong Zhao, Steven A. Steward (January 1997). "Literature review of intrinsic actinide colloids related to spent fuel waste package release rates" (PDF). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
- Altmaier, M.; Neck, V.; Fanghänel, T. (2004). "Solubility and colloid formation of Th (IV) in concentrated NaCl and MgCl2 solution". Radiochimica Acta. 92 (9–11): 537–543. doi:10.1524/ract.92.9.537.54983. S2CID 55851639.
- Breynaert, E.; Maes, A. (2005). "Column precipitation chromatography: An approach to quantitative analysis of eigencolloids". Analytical Chemistry. 77 (15): 5048–5054. doi:10.1021/ac050546+. PMID 16053321.
- Breynaert E. (2008). PhD Thesis. Catholic University of Leuven. Formation, stability and applications of eigencolloids of technetium.[permanent dead link]
- Marquardt, C. M.; Seibert, A.; Artinger, R.; Denecke, M. A.; Kuczewski, B.; Schild, D.; Fanghänel T. (2004). "The redox behaviour of plutonium in humic-rich groundwater". Radiochimica Acta. 92 (9–11): 617–623. doi:10.1524/ract.92.9.617.55007. S2CID 94093404.
- Neck, V.; Altmaier, M.; Fanghänel, T. (2007). "Solubility of plutonium hydroxides/hydrous oxides under reducing conditions and in the presence of oxygen". Comptes Rendus Chimie. 10 (10–11): 959–977. doi:10.1016/j.crci.2007.02.011.