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Ekaterina Davidovna Voroshilova (Russian: Екатерина Давидовна Ворошилова; 1887–1959), born Gitlya Gorbman,[1] later Golda Gorbman (Го́лда Горбман), was a spouse of Kliment Voroshilov, a Russian revolutionary and later Soviet party and state functionary.[2][3]
Ekaterina Voroshilova | |
|---|---|
Екатерина Ворошилова | |
 Voroshilova's grave in Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow | |
| Born | Golda Davidovna Gorbman 1887 Mardarovka, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | April 1959 |
| Resting place | Novodevichy Cemetery |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Citizenship | Russian Empire |
| Occupation | Revolutionary |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Other political affiliations | Socialist Revolutionary Party |
| Spouse | Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov |
| Father | David Leibovich Gorbman |
Biography
editGolda Davidovna Gorbman was born in the village of Mardarovka near Odessa in 1887 to a Jewish family. Her Father, David Leibovich Gorbman, was a broker, he suffered from asthma and died in 1910.[4]
In 1897, Golda Davidovna entered vocational school which she graduated from in 1902. She then worked as a dressmaker.[4] After meeting Serafima Gopner she became interested in revolutionary ideas and in 1904, at the age of 17, she joined the Socialist Revolutionary Party. For her revolutionary activism, she was exiled to the Arkhangelsk province.
She made Acquaintance with the exiled Kilment Voroshilov at the end of 1909 and ultimately fell in love. Having lived in her homeland for a month and a half after her release from exile, Golda returned to exile with her lover. In one of his manuscripts, Kilment Voroshilov wrote: “We met during my first exile in the Arkhangelsk province. Then they met in Ekaterinoslav and wanted to get married, but, according to church canons, Ekaterina Davidovna had to convert to Orthodoxy, and the matter stalled. When they sent me again, she came to me. The Gendarme supervising me demanded that she leave the village within 24 hours as a person who is formally an outsider.
Then Ekaterina Davidovna came up with such a trick. From some magazine we cut out a portrait of Tsar Nicholas. They hung it in the room. By the time of the expected arrival of the Gendarme, "witnesses" - local peasants - were gathered in the upper room. The gendarme arrived and began to swear: why, they say, Ekaterina Davidovna has not yet left the village? Here I'm like a bark: “Who allowed you to sit and swear in front of the portrait of the father-sovereign?”[4]
The Gendarme, seeing the portrait, shook all over, turned white. "Don't ruin it," he wailed. - Let Ekaterina Davidovna live here as long as she wants. And I will arrange the wedding as it should be. So we got married."
Their marriage was allowed on the condition of a wedding in the church. Golda accepted Orthodox baptism and became Ekaterina Davidovna Voroshilova. The newlyweds were released from exile in September 1910. Ekaterina Voroshilova also changed her political views, becoming a Marxist. In 1917 she joined the RSDLP. She followed her husband during the Civil War, acting as an assistant and comrade-in-arms. As the wife of a commander, she took care of women, children, and the elderly.[4]
Voroshilolva was characterized by an article from the White Guard newspaper dated November 10, 1925.
“It is interesting that Voroshilov came to the fore to some extent thanks to his wife. Ekaterina Voroshilova, an elegant, exceptionally beautiful woman, met her future husband in exile. She was able to awaken spiritual interests in the political exile. She prompted him to study the works of Marx and Engels. Now Voroshilov is considered one of the best connoisseurs of both socialist classics. He achieved great influence at his meetings by reproducing, thanks to his exceptional memory, great quotations from Marx and Engels, without a single mistake. His wife, who was the center of a large society in Moscow, brought her husband a large number of friends and thereby, no doubt, contributed to his appointment first as commander of the 1st Cavalry Army.[4]
Personal life
editDuring the summer of 1918, she set up a women's cooperative, aiding orphaned children and helping them get adopted. Semyon Budyonny brought a young curly-haired four-year-old boy and the child won her heart due to Ekaterina not being able to conceive children. The Voroshilova's both agreed to adopt him and named him Petya.[5]
Death
editIn 1953, Ekaterina Davidovna Voroshilova was diagnosed with cancer. She continued to work, hiding her illness from her husband for a long time. She died at the age of 73 in April 1959.[6]
References
edit
- ^ From Ekaterina Voroshilova autobiography, as quoted in article "Сталин, Ворошилов и другие…" (retrieved July 26, 2015)
- «Я, Екатерина Давидовна Ворошилова (Гитля Дувидовна Горбман) родилась в г. Одессе в 1887 году в еврейской семье. Отец мой Дувид Лейбович Горбман был комиссионером, вернее, не имел определенных занятий. Он много лет болел астмой и умер в 1910 году.
- ^ "Екатерина Ворошилова. Партледи с характером." ("Ekateriva Voroshilova", a Party Lady with Character), a documentary by NTV from the cycle Kremlin Wives
- ^ "Климент Ворошилов и Голда Горбман. Ради советского маршала она отреклась от веры и имени"
- ^ a b c d e "Сталин, Ворошилов и другие…". svpressa.ru (in Russian). 2010-11-07. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
- ^ Vasilieva, Larissa (2015-09-01). Kremlin Wives: The Secret Lives of the Women Behind the Kremlin Walls—From Lenin to Gorbachev. Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-62872-638-1.
- ^ Vasilieva, Larissa (2015-09-01). Kremlin Wives: The Secret Lives of the Women Behind the Kremlin Walls—From Lenin to Gorbachev. Skyhorse. ISBN 978-1-62872-638-1.