Elbridge Thomas Gerry (December 25, 1837 – February 18, 1927), usually called "Commodore" Gerry due to the office he held with the New York Yacht Club from 1886 to 1892, was an American lawyer and reformer. His paternal grandfather was U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry.
Elbridge Thomas Gerry | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | December 25, 1837 |
| Died | February 18, 1927 (aged 89) New York City, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Columbia College (1857) |
| Spouse |
Louisa Matilda Livingston
(m. 1867; died 1920) |
| Children | Angelica L. Gerry Mabel Gerry Drury Robert Livingston Gerry, Sr. Peter Goelet Gerry |
| Parent(s) | Thomas Russell Gerry Hannah G. Goelet |
| Relatives | Elbridge Gerry (grandfather) Ann Gerry (grandmother) Robert L. Gerry Jr. (grandson) Peter P. Goelet (grandfather) |
Early life
editGerry was born on December 25, 1837, In Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Thomas Russell Gerry, who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet, of another prominent family. In 1857, Gerry graduated from Columbia College, with honors.[1] During his time there he also joined the Chi Psi fraternity, eventually becoming its national president.
His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. His cousins included Elbridge Gerry, who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine,[2][3] George Goelet Kip, and Robert Walton Goelet, who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. His maternal grandfather was the merchant and landowner Peter P. Goelet and his great-grandfather was Peter Goelet.[4]
In 1879, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his unmarried uncle, Peter Goelet.[5]
Career
editAfter graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry.[1]
In 1874, Gerry took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York.[6]
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
editIn 1875, as a result of Mary Ellen McCormack's case, he co-founded the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children "SPCC", sometimes called the Gerry Society, together with Quaker philanthropist John D. Wright and Henry Bergh, who he had previously helped found the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. SPCC was known as one of the first child protection societies in the country and he helped pass numerous laws to protect children.[7]
Gerry served as vice-president of SPCC, then as Wright's successor from 1879 to 1901, and finally as legal advisor until his death. The Society's deputies, nicknamed "Gerry men" or "the cruelty," aroused controversy by enforcing various laws, including child labor laws concerning public performances and were allowed to remove children from homes. Some criticized their activities as interfering with family life, or for imposing aristocratic white Protestant values upon immigrants, many of whom were Catholic or black.[8]
After 1903, many such child protection societies changed their focus from police to welfare work, following a Massachusetts model.[8] The U.S. Supreme Court, in the widely reviled 1918 case Hammer v. Dagenhart, found the new federal child protection law, the Keating-Owen Act of 1916, violated the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, in a case now known for its dissent by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.[9] Two years later, with Gerry as the organization's legal advisor, SPCCC bought the former House of Mercy for use as a temporary facility to house juveniles awaiting judicial action, since they had previously either been held at stationhouses or jailed with adult prisoners, where they were often victimized. House of Mercy had been organized in 1863 by Harriet Starr Cannon to assist abandoned and delinquent women and girls.[10]
New York Yacht Club
editGerry was Commodore of the New York Yacht Club. He held office from 1886 to 1892. The pilot boat Elbridge T. Gerry was named in honor of him.[11][12]
Politics and boards
editGerry was a notable member of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine of Boss Tweed, for more than 35 years. In 1867, he served as a delegate to New York State Constitutional Convention, but never again sought elective office.
From 1878 until 1912, he served as governor of the New York Hospital and was also a trustee of the New York Life Insurance Company. From 1886 until 1888, Gerry served as chairman of the New York State Commission on Capital Punishment, which replaced hanging with the electric chair. For this decision, a proposed name for this method before "electrocution" was adopted was "gerrycide".[13] He was also chairman of the New York City Commission on Insanity in 1892.
Personal life
edit
In 1867, Gerry married Louisa Matilda Livingston. Louisa was the daughter of Robert James Livingston and Louisa Matilda Storm and the granddaughter of Maturin Livingston and Margaret Lewis. Margaret was the only child and sole heiress of Gov. Morgan Lewis.[14] Together, Elbridge and Louisa had six children:
- Angelica Livingston Gerry (1871–1960),[15] died unmarried.[16] (See Ancrum House.)
- Mabel Gerry (1872–1930),[15] who married Francis Saxham Elwes Drury (1859–1937), a widower, in 1925.[17] Drury had previously been married to Mary Gertrude Peek (1861–1921)
- Lillian Goelet Gerry (1873-1891)
- Margaret "Pearl" Louisa Gerry (1868-1872)
- Robert Livingston Gerry, Sr. (1877–1957), who married Cornelia Averell Harriman (1884–1966), the second daughter of railroad executive E. H. Harriman and his wife Mary Williamson Averell, in 1908.[18]
- Peter Goelet Gerry (1879–1957), U.S. Representative and Senator from Rhode Island, who married Mathilde Townsend in 1910. They divorced in 1925 and he later married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser (1873–1958), the widow of George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914).
In 1904, the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862–1947) painted Gerry's portrait, which still hangs in the New York Yacht Club.
Gerry died on February 18, 1927, about two weeks after breaking his hip in a fall, outliving his wife by seven years. He was entombed in the churchyard of St. James Church in Hyde Park, New York.[19] The associated Episcopal church is best known for its association with Franklin D. Roosevelt, who served on the vestry and as senior warden,[20] and tours of the cemetery continue to be offered.[21] At his death, Gerry was reputed to be worth $26 million, primarily in landholdings, making him one of the city's wealthiest men.
Residences
editHis family's New York mansion at 2 East 61st Street had long been a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers.[1] When he built it, he told architect Richard Morris Hunt specifically about needing to house his collection of 30,000 law books and cost a reported $3,000,000.[17] After his death, the family mansions in Manhattan were soon demolished, to make way for the Pierre Hotel.[22]
Gerry maintained a summer home named "Seaverge" on Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. His wife's estate in the Catskill Mountains was called "Aknusti", supposedly from an American Indian word meaning "expensive proposition."[23]
References
edit- ^ a b c "COMMODORE ELBRIDGE T. GERRY | A SKETCH". The Tammany Times. Tammany Publishing Company. January 1, 1896. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
- ^ Political Register and Congressional Directory, p. 408
- ^ "Biographical Abstract of Elbridge Gerry". United States Congress. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ Hendrick, Burton J. (June 1912). "PERMANENT OWNERS OF NEW YORK". McClure's Magazine. 39 (2). S.S. McClure: 121–138. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
- ^ "PETER GOELET'S WILL.; DIVIDING AN ESTATE THAT MAY BE WORTH TWENTY MILLIONS". The New York Times. December 6, 1879. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
- ^ Markel, Howard (December 14, 2009). "Case Shined First Light on Abuse of Children". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2009.
- ^ Gerry, Elbridge Thomas. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07
- ^ a b "Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children - Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society".
- ^ The Supreme Court overruled Hammer v. Dagenhart in 1941, upholding the Fair Labor Standards Act in United States v. Darby Lumber Co.
- ^ "House of Mercy". myinwood.net. October 5, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- ^ "A New Pilot Boat. The Launch of the Beautiful Schooner Elbridge T. Gerry". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. August 24, 1888. p. 3. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
- ^ Russell, Charles Edward (1929). From Sandy Hook to 62°. New York: Century Co. pp. 206–207. OCLC 3804485.
- ^ The Electrical World and Engineer. McGraw Publishing Company. 1902.
- ^ "New York, Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999". Ancestry.com. Provo, Utah, US: Operations, Inc. 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ a b "$6,998,284 ESTATE LEFT BY MRS. DURY Husband Has Life Interest in Residue, Under Will of Sister of Former Senator Gerry. CHARITY TO GET $90,000 Family Shares Starrett Fortune — Jersey Man Leaves $1,700 to Repay Hostess at Dinners". The New York Times. April 9, 1932. p. 16. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
- ^ "ANGELICA L. GERRY DIES | 2 Ancestors Were Signers of Declaration of Independence". The New York Times. November 5, 1960. p. 23. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
- ^ a b Robinson, Grace (November 1, 1925). "NEWS OF NEW YORK SOCIETY | Social Register at Gerry Wedding". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
- ^ "MISS HARRIMAN BRIDE OF ROBERT L. GERRY; Grace Church So Crowded by Friends of the Pair That Many Had to Stand in Aisles. GREAT CRUSH IN BROADWAY Wedding Held at Noon and Followed by Reception at Home in Fifth Avenue". The New York Times. March 4, 1908. p. 7. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ Hutton, Ann (October 5, 2016). "Historic Graveyard Tours in Hyde Park". Hudson Valley One. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ Kopser, Arnold. Wapnick, Dyan (ed.). "A Brief History of St. James' Church". St. James Episcopal Church. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- ^ "Our 2013 Tour Season Has Ended. Thank you!". St. James' Episcopal Church, Hyde Park, New York Historic Graveyard Tours. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
- ^ Wos, Andy (January 2014). "GILDED AGE IN ANDES: HISTORY OF THE GERRY ESTATE — January 2014 | Andes Gazette". Andes Gazette. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
- ^ Cairns, Robert (March 22, 2016). "Broadlands mansion, lands listed for sale". Watershed Post. Retrieved January 17, 2018.