Eleanor Faxon Woolley Fowler (August 26, 1907 – August 19, 1987) was an American peace and labor activist. She was a national officer of the Congress of Industrial Organizations in the 1930s and 1940s, and of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom from 1959 to 1972.
Eleanor Woolley Fowler | |
|---|---|
 Eleanor Woolley, later Fowler, from the 1927 yearbook of Bryn Mawr College | |
| Born | Eleanor Faxon Woolley August 26, 1907 Chicago, Illinois |
| Died | August 19, 1987 (aged 79) Lower Makefield Township, Pennsylvania |
| Occupation(s) | Labor activist, peace activist |
| Spouse | Cedric Fowler |
| Children | 3, including Ann Fowler Rhoads |
| Parent(s) | Helen Thompson Woolley, Paul Gerhardt Woolley |
Early life and education
editEleanor Faxon Woolley was born in Chicago, the daughter of Paul Gerhardt Woolley and Helen Thompson Woolley. Her father was a physician, and her mother was a psychologist.[1] She graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1927.[2] She pursued further studies at the London School of Economics and at the Sorbonne, and earned a doctorate in international law at Columbia University.[3][4]
Career
editFowler was active in the labor movement. She was secretary-treasurer of the Congress of Women's Auxiliaries,[5] the women's organization of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO),[6] and she edited the CIO News during World War II.[3] She was also a member of the legislative staff of the CIO.[7] She testified before the House Committee on Military Affairs in 1942, on the material needs of military dependents during World War II.[8] In 1944 she testified before the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, in favor of repealing federal taxes on margarine.[9]
Fowler was executive secretary of the Washington, D.C. branch of the American League for Peace and Democracy during the 1930s.[7][10] She was a national officer of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) from 1959 to 1972, serving as membership chair and assistant to the executive director, Mildred Scott Olmsted.[4] In 1966, she was the league's acting executive director, after Olmsted retired. She was also the longtime head of the Bucks County chapter of the WILPF.[3]
Fowler visited the Soviet Union twice, attended international conferences including the 1970 WILPF meeting in New Delhi, and joined peace rallies in the United States, including a women's anti-nuclear protest in Washington, D.C. in 1980.[11]
Fowler's political activities brought her under scrutiny from law enforcement and Congressional investigations. "The Communist sympathies, if not the party membership, of Eleanor Fowler are well established by her public record," noted a House committee report in 1944.[7] "She was periodically arrested, convicted, and fined, usually for disorderly conduct," explained her obituary in The Philadelphia Inquirer, which also quoted her as saying "It's all part of making our point."[4]
Personal life
editEleanor Woolley married Canadian-born labor organizer and journalist Cedric Weeden Fowler.[12][13] They had children, John, Ann, and Jane. Her husband died in 1968.[14][15] She died from ovarian cancer at her home in Lower Makefield Township, Pennsylvania, in 1987, at the age of 79.[3]
References
edit- ^ Morse, Jane Fowler (2002). "Ignored but Not Forgotten: The Work of Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley". NWSA Journal. 14 (2): 121–147. ISSN 1040-0656. JSTOR 4316895.
- ^ Bryn Mawr College, Class of 1927 (1927 yearbook). via Internet Archive
- ^ a b c d "Eleanor W. Fowler Is Dead; A Labor and Peace Activist". The New York Times. 1987-08-22. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ^ a b c "Eleanor W. Fowler, 79, peace activist". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1987-08-21. p. 48. Retrieved 2023-05-10 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "More and Better Low-Priced Clothing Asked of WPB in Behalf of Labor Family". The New York Times. 1944-10-28. p. 18. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ "Forum to Advise Public on Restraining Food Costs". Evening Star. 1943-05-08. p. 17. Retrieved 2023-05-10 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c United States Congress, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Un-American Activities (1944). Report on the C.I.O Political Action Committee. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 113–114.
- ^ United States Congress House Committee on Military Affairs (1942). Allowences and Allotments for Dependants of Military Personnel, Hearings ..., on H.R. 6948 ..., MAy 12, 14, and 15, 1942. pp. 85–89.
- ^ United States Congress Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry (1944). To Regulate Production and Distribution of Margarine: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, United States Senate, 78th Congress, 2d Session, on S. 1744 – June 6–12 ; 1944. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 92.
- ^ Solovitch, Sara (1983-12-25). "Women of peace who fight onward". The Philadelphia Inquirer. pp. 1, 20. Retrieved 2023-05-10 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Audio: Women's Pentagon Action Rally". Berkeley Library Digital Collections. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ Judiciary, United States Congress Senate Committee on the (1957). Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress, Second Session[-Eighty-fifth Congress, First Session] ... U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 4972–4974.
- ^ Fowler, Cedric. "They train the young idea." New Outlook 165 (1935): 32–38.
- ^ "Cedric W. Fowler". The New York Times. 1968-01-24. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ^ "Cedric W. Fowler, Labor Press Editor, Dies in New Jersey". The Gazette and Daily. 1968-01-24. p. 37. Retrieved 2023-05-10 – via Newspapers.com.