This article is the Electoral history of Lester B. Pearson, the fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada.
A Liberal, he served one term as prime minister (1963–1968). He led the Liberal Party in four general elections, losing two (1958 and 1962) to John Diefenbaker, and winning two (1963 and 1965), defeating Diefenbaker both times. Both victories resulted in hung parliaments and he formed two minority governments. He retired in 1968 and was succeeded by Pierre Trudeau.
Pearson stood for election to the House of Commons of Canada eight times, all for the riding of Algoma East in northern Ontario. He was elected each time.
Summary
edit
Pearson ranks twelfth out of twenty-three prime ministers for time in office, serving one term of four years and 364 days.[1]
Pearson was the fifth of five prime ministers from Ontario, the others being Sir John A. Macdonald, Alexander Mackenzie, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, and William Lyon Mackenzie King.
Before entering politics, Pearson was a career diplomat in the Department of External Affairs, including being the Canadian Ambassador to the United States.[2] Prime Minister Mackenzie King invited Pearson several times to join King's government, an invitation Pearson finally accepted in 1948, at the end of King's time in office. King appointed him Minister of External Affairs and Pearson entered Parliament shortly afterwards by a by-election in the northern Ontario riding of Algoma East.[2]
Pearson served in the government of Louis St. Laurent as Minister of External Affairs from 1948 to 1957.[2] Following the defeat of the Liberals in the 1957 general election, Pearson succeeded St. Laurent as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, becoming Leader of the Opposition in 1958. He was unsuccessful in the first two general elections he contested as leader (1958, 1962), with Diefenbaker continuing in office, but in the general election of 1963 he won a minority government, defeating Diefenbaker. Pearson was returned to office in the 1965 election, again defeating Diefenbaker, again with a minority government.
Pearson stood for election to the House of Commons eight times and was elected in all eight elections (1948 (by-election), 1949, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1962, 1963 and 1965). Throughout his parliamentary career, he represented the riding of Algoma East in northern Ontario. He won each election by a majority of more than 50% of the votes, even in multi-candidate elections. He served in the Commons for 19 years, 7 months, and 30 days.[3]
In 1968, Pearson announced his retirement and was succeeded as Liberal leader and prime minister by Pierre Trudeau.[2]
Federal general elections: 1958 to 1965
editPearson led the Liberals in four general elections. He was defeated in the general elections of 1958 and 1962, but won minority governments in the elections of 1963 and 1965.
After winning the Liberal leadership, Pearson challenged the legitimacy of Diefenbaker's minority government. In response, Diefenbaker called a snap election. He won the largest majority in Canadian history to that time and decimated the Liberals. In spite of the poor election results, Pearson stayed on as Liberal leader and Leader of the Opposition.
| Party | Leaders | Seats Won | Popular Vote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive Conservative | John Diefenbaker1 | 208 | 53.7% | |
| Liberal | Lester B. Pearson2 | 48 | 33.4% | |
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Major James Coldwell | 8 | 9.5% | |
| Liberal–Labour | – | 1 | 0.2% | |
| Total | 265 | 98.2%3 | ||
| Sources: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867 | ||||
1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.
Pearson again led the Liberals in the 1962 election. Diefenbaker was returned to office, but with a minority government. The Liberals under Pearson made considerable gains, more than doubling their representation in the Commons.
| Party | Leaders | Seats Won | Popular Vote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive Conservative | John Diefenbaker1 | 116 | 37.2% | |
| Liberal | Lester B. Pearson2 | 99 | 37.0% | |
| Social Credit | Robert N. Thompson | 30 | 11.6% | |
| New Democratic Party | Tommy Douglas | 19 | 13.6% | |
| Liberal–Labour | – | 1 | 0.2% | |
| Total | 265 | 99.6%3 | ||
| Sources: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867 | ||||
1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.
Less than a year after the 1962 election, Diefenbaker's minority government fell on a motion of non-confidence, triggering the dissolution of Parliament and a general election. Pearson and the Liberals won the most seats, but fell five seats short of a majority. Pearson become prime minister of a minority government, and Diefenbaker became Leader of the Opposition.
| Party | Leaders | Seats Won | Popular Vote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Lester B. Pearson1 | 128 | 41.5% | |
| Progressive Conservative | John Diefenbaker2 | 95 | 32.8% | |
| Social Credit | Robert N. Thompson | 24 | 11.9% | |
| New Democratic Party | Tommy Douglas | 17 | 13.2% | |
| Liberal–Labour | – | 1 | 0.2% | |
| Total | 265 | 99.6%3 | ||
| Sources: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867 | ||||
1 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Prime Minister when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.
After two years of minority government, Pearson called an election. The result was another hung parliament. The Liberals increased their seat total, but again fell short of an outright majority, this time by two seats. Pearson governed with a minority government for three years, retiring in 1968.
| Party | Leaders | Seats Won | Popular Vote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Lester B. Pearson1 | 131 | 40.2% | |
| Progressive Conservative | John Diefenbaker2 | 97 | 32.4% | |
| New Democratic Party | Tommy Douglas | 21 | 17.9% | |
| Ralliement créditiste | Réal Caouette | 9 | 4.7% | |
| Social Credit | Robert N. Thompson | 5 | 3.7% | |
| Independent | – | 1 | 0.7% | |
| Independent PC | – | 1 | 0.2% | |
| Total | 265 | 99.8%3 | ||
| Sources: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867 | ||||
Federal constituency elections, 1948 to 1965
editPearson stood for election to the House of Commons eight times, starting with a by-election in 1948. He was elected all eight times, all from the northern Ontario riding of Algoma East.
1948 Federal By-Election: Algoma East
editThe 1948 by-election was triggered by the appointment of the incumbent Member of Parliament, Thomas Farquhar to the Senate on September 10, 1948.
| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal |  Lester B. Pearson |
4,685 | 56.4% | |
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Lorne D. Callaghan | 2,382 | 28.7% | |
| Social Credit | John J. Fitzgerald | 1,236 | 14.9% | |
| Total | 8,303 | 100.0% | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
1949 Federal Election: Algoma East
edit| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | X Lester B. Pearson |
6,184 | 54.8% | |
| Progressive Conservative | Grant H. Turner | 2,908 | 25.7% | |
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | George Thornton | 2,202 | 19.5% | |
| Total | 11,294 | 100.0% | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
X Incumbent.
1953 Federal Election: Algoma East
edit| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | X Lester B. Pearson |
7,494 | 65.9% | |
| Progressive Conservative | George H. Bishop | 3,877 | 34.1% | |
| Total | 11,371 | 100.0% | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
X Incumbent.
1957 Federal Election: Algoma East
edit| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | X Lester B. Pearson |
8,574 | 52.0% | |
| Progressive Conservative | H. Merton Mulligan | 5,757 | 34.9% | |
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Martin S. Reid | 2,156 | 13.1% | |
| Total | 16,487 | 100.0% | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
X Incumbent.
1958 Federal Election: Algoma East
edit| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | X Lester B. Pearson |
11,240 | 51.7% | |
| Progressive Conservative | Basil Scully | 8,208 | 37.7% | |
| Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Walter James Corbett | 2,309 | 10.6% | |
| Total | 21,757 | 100.0% | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
X Incumbent.
1962 Federal Election: Algoma East
edit| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | X Lester B. Pearson |
11,934 | 57.6% | |
| Progressive Conservative | Alex Berthelot | 5,631 | 27.2% | |
| New Democratic Party | Cam Cork | 3,168 | 15.3% | |
| Total | 20,733 | 100.1%1 | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
X Incumbent.
1 Rounding error.
1963 Federal Election: Algoma East
edit| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | X Lester B. Pearson |
10,817 | 52.2% | |
| Progressive Conservative | Paul Jewell | 6,146 | 29.6% | |
| Social Credit | Irénée John Quenneville | 2,016 | 9.7% | |
| New Democratic Party | Bennett Donahue | 1,751 | 8.4% | |
| Total | 20,730 | 99.9%1 | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
X Incumbent.
1 Rounding error.
1965 Federal Election: Algoma East
edit| Party | Candidate | Popular Vote | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | X Lester B. Pearson |
9,268 | 54.2% | |
| Progressive Conservative | Joel W. Aldred | 5,793 | 33.8% | |
| New Democratic Party | Walter Stuart | 2,053 | 12.0% | |
| Total | 17,114 | 100.0% | ||
| Source: Library of Parliament – History of Federal Ridings since 1867: Algoma East | ||||
Elected.
X Incumbent.
Liberal Party leadership convention, 1958
editPearson entered the convention as the favourite, with the support of many of the party establishment. Paul Martin Sr., the only other serious candidate, hoped to attract the rank and file of the party. Pearson won on the first ballot.
| Candidate | First Ballot | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes cast | % | ||||||||||
| Lester B. Pearson | 1074 | 77.8% | |||||||||
| Paul Martin Sr. | 305 | 22.1% | |||||||||
| Harold Lloyd Henderson | 1 | 0.1% | |||||||||
| Total | 1,380 | 100.0% | |||||||||
| Source: CPAC – 1958 Liberal Convention | |||||||||||
See also
edit- Electoral history of John Diefenbaker - Pearson's predecessor as prime minister and principal opponent in three general elections.
- Electoral history of Louis St. Laurent - Pearson's predecessor as leader of the Liberal Party.
- Electoral history of Pierre Trudeau - Pearson's successor as leader of the Liberal Party and as prime minister.
References
edit- ^ "PARLINFO: Prime Ministers of Canada". Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Dictionary of Canadian Biography: "Pearson, Lester Bowles"". Archived from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
- ^ PARLINFO: The Right Hon. Lester Bowles Pearson, P.C., C.C., O.M., O.B.E.[permanent dead link]