Elizabeth Hitchener sometimes called Portia or Bessy (bapt.1783 – 4 December, 1821) was a British schoolmistress and poet. Her reputation was ruined after a short intense and platonic friendship with Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Elizabeth Hitchener | |
|---|---|
| Born | bapt.1783 Keymer |
| Died | 4 December, 1821 Edmonton |
| Occupation | School teacher |
| Nationality | British |
Life
editHitchener's home parish was Keymer and she was baptised in April 1783.[1] Her strong-minded father had been born with the name of Yorke but he had adopted the name of Hitchener after rejecting a life of smuggling to run the Friar's Oak inn at Clayton on the road from Brighton to London.[2]
She was taught at school aged nine by Miss Adams whom she idolised. Adams had treated her as her own daughter which had annoyed Hitchener's mother.[2]
She started a school at Hurstpierpoint with the hope that she could employ her ex-teacher, Miss Adams, Adams had radical views, which had attracted Hitchener, but thay had not increased Adams' reputation. Hitchener wanted to care for her. Her ex-teacher did not comply with her plan, but she did attract other pupils and she was said to be a good teacher. One of her pupils was a daughter of a hero of Trafalgar, Captain John Pilfold. Pilfold visited the school and because of this she met Pilfold's nephew who was the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley.[2]
She and the teenage Shelley were intrigued by each other[3] and over a year they exchanged about ninety letters and many of these survive.[1] Virginia Woolf later described Shelley's letters as "amazing". The letters were not romantic but were about their radical ideas. Shelley pointed this out in his letters[3] and he had another sexual interest. Hitchener was said to be the most intelligent woman Shelley had ever met outside his family.[2]
Hitchener went to live with Shelley and his wife even though she feared for her reputation.[1] John Pilfold and his wife had joined Hitchener's father in advising against this as it would damage her reputation. She decided to just make a short visit as she intended to return quickly to her school.[4]
Hitchener was not treated well. Shelley decided that her name was Portia and then Bessie and he and his crowd came to dislike Hitchener. The stay ended suddenly and for an unknown reason and Hitchener left and decided to go back to teaching at Hurstpierpoint. However her reputation was damaged and she could not find any pupils.[1]
She contacted Shelley and he admitted to others that he had been the cause of her situation. It was suggested that Shelley offered to pay her a pension of £100 per annum but there is no evidence that this was ever paid.[1]
Death and legacy
editHitchener died aged 38 in 1821.[1] She had written three books starting with "The Fire-side Bagatelle: Containing Enigmas on the Chief Town". "The Weald of Sussex, a Poem" was published in 1822 and her final book "Enigmas, Historical and Geographical" was published in 1834 by "a clergyman's daughter".[5]
Hitchener is possibly the basis of Miss Celinda Toobad, a character in Thomas Love Peacock's 1818 novella Nightmare Abbey.[6]
The journalist Henry James Slack lent William Michael Rossetti some of Shelley's letters to Hitchener. Slack said that the letters had come into his possession from the solicitor and executor of Hitchener's estate. Slack told Thomas James Wise, who saw the letters, was that Hitchener had gone abroad, and married an Austrian officer. (There is no basis for this). Wise published the letters without authority.[7] The letters had been deposited with Slack, on conditions that are unclear,[8] Slack did not claim he owned them.[9] The original letters passed as a legacy to Charles Hargrove who gave them to the British Museum in 1907, and then to the British Library.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Bowers, Will (2024-11-14), "Hitchener, Elizabeth (1783–1821), schoolmistress and poet", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000382569, ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8, retrieved 2024-11-15
- ^ a b c d Bieri, James (2004). Percy Bysshe Shelley: A Biography : Youth's Unextinguished Fire, 1792-1816. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-0-87413-870-2.
- ^ a b "11 June (1811): Percy Bysshe Shelley to Elizabeth Hitchener | The American Reader". theamericanreader.com. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ^ Bieri, James (2004). Percy Bysshe Shelley: A Biography : Youth's Unextinguished Fire, 1792-1816. University of Delaware Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-0-87413-870-2.
- ^ "Hitchener, Elizabeth". jacksonbibliography.library.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
- ^ M. C. Rintoul, Dictionary of Real People and Places in Fiction, page 510, Routledge 1993
- ^ a b Donald H. Reiman; Neil Fraistat (7 May 2003). The Complete Poetry of Percy Bysshe Shelley. JHU Press. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-8018-7795-7. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ Roger W. Peattie (1 November 2010). Selected Letters of William Michael Rossetti. Penn State Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-271-04424-8. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ Roger W. Peattie (1 November 2010). Selected Letters of William Michael Rossetti. Penn State Press. p. 316 note 2. ISBN 978-0-271-04424-8. Retrieved 18 September 2013.