Elizabeth Wilks born Lizzie Bennett (17 July 1861 – 16 November 1956) was a British doctor, suffragist, tax resister and philanthropist. She was married to Mark Wilks who was sent to jail for her refusal to pay tax and his refusal to make his wife tell him how much she earned.
Elizabeth Wilks | |
|---|---|
| Born | Lizzie Bennett 17 July 1861 Leicester, England |
| Died | 16 November 1956 (aged 95) Headley Down, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Medical doctor |
| Known for | Tax resistance |
| Spouse | Mark Wilks |
Life
editWilks was born in De Montfort Square in Leicester to John and Sarah Annie Bennett. She attended the university of London and when she left in 1896 she was a qualified doctor and she had a degree in surgery. The same year she married Mark Wilks who was a London teacher.[1]
Wilks was a founder member of the Women's Tax Resistance League which was a group who objected particularly to women paying tax to a government over which they had no electoral control. Wilks became the treasurer of the organisation whose motto was "No Vote No Tax!".[1]
Wilks came to notice when she refused to pay her tax in 1908.[2] Married women were not required to pay taxes per se in Britain at that time. According to the law a married couple's joint income was added together and the husband paid the tax. However Elizabeth, who as a doctor, earned more than her husband, refused to tell her husband how much she earned. This put the authorities into a quandary as Elizabeth was not liable to pay tax and her husband was nominally willing to pay the tax but he said that he had no idea how much to pay. There was no legal requirement for Elizabeth to tell her husband about her income.[3] In 1910 the authorities illegally seized some of her goods in an attempt to levy the tax on her income. The authorities then tried to claim the tax either from them as a couple or by her husband alone. This was legally unsatisfactory as Mark was being asked for tax on her income (of about £600 per annum) that he was nominally unaware of. 3,000 teachers signed a petition when Mark Wilks was placed in Brixton Jail and there was a demonstration in Trafalgar Square to protest at his treatment. He was released after a fortnight to a celebrations at Caxton Hall from the supporters of the Women's Tax Resistance League.[1] His support included the writer George Bernard Shaw.[2] Despite a debate in the House of Lords where it was realised that the law was unfair,[3] British law did not get amended until 1972.[1]
The Wilks moved to the village of Headley Down in Hampshire where Elizabeth was concerned by the quality of the public housing in 1933. She raised the money to build sixteen new residences which were managed by the newlyformed Headley Public Utility Society.[1]
Wilks died in Headley Down in 1956 and she left her home and ten acres of woodland to the Headley Public Utility Society.[1] The residences were given to the local authority but the Headley PUS still maintains the woodlands for public benefit.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f Hilary Frances, ‘Wilks , Elizabeth (1861–1956)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 25 Nov 2017
- ^ a b Elizabeth Crawford (2 September 2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Routledge. pp. 1966–. ISBN 1-135-43401-8.
- ^ a b "INCOME TAX ON MARRIED WOMEN'S PROPERTY". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 14 October 1912. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
- ^ "HPUS". www.headley-village.com. Retrieved 26 November 2017.