Emma Maria Harrington (née Sternberger),[1] commonly known as Mrs. E. C. Harrington, was an American attorney, labor and voting rights activist, and the first woman registered to vote in San Francisco. She was described by her contemporaries as “a brilliant speaker and organizer."[2]
Emma Maria Harrington | |
|---|---|
 Harrington c. 1918 | |
| Born | Emma Maria Sternberger 1881-1882 Denmark |
| Occupation | Attorney |
| Political party | Union Labor |
| Spouse | Edward C. Harrington |
Career
editBorn in Denmark[3] to Jewish parents,[4] she lived in Utah during her youth and earned a degree in psychology before moving to San Francisco.[5] There, she served as the president of the San Francisco Workingwomen's Association[6] and the San Francisco Women's Progressive Nonpartisan Organization.[7] She was involved in political campaigns as well, organizing P. H. McCarthy Women's Clubs to support McCarthy's reelection run in 1911,[8] as well as campaigning for William Howard Taft in 1912.[9][10]
On October 17, 1911, Harrington became the first woman registered to vote in San Francisco. At the time of her registration, she listed herself as a member of the Union Labor Party and her profession as "cashier in justice courts."[3] Following her voter registration, she was said to "devote her energies to forming political organizations to fight in behalf of the labor cause."[3] She also encouraged more women to register, assisting them at the registrar's office,[11] registering female department store employees and posting announcements about registration deadlines in department store fitting rooms.[12]
In 1914, she became eligible for the California Bar Association after successfully passing the qualifying exams,[2] which required her to answer "over 80 quick-fire questions [...] whereas most candidates receive 20 or 30 questions."[5] She subsequently opened her own office and "earned the distinction of being the first woman to represent a defendant in a murder trial - a case she won within one hour."[5]
In 1918, she ran for the position of Justice of the Peace. Her campaign argued that as a woman, she should hear cases such as those involving “domestic relations,” in addition to advocating for “a night court session for working people.”[13] Despite receiving 21,000 votes, she ultimately lost the election.[5]
During the 1918 flu pandemic, when San Francisco reinstated its mask mandate after a spike in cases, she became the president of the newly formed San Francisco Anti-Mask League.[14][5] In this role, she submitted a petition to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors calling for an end to the mask mandate.[15] The following day, San Francisco mayor James Rolph announced that masks were no longer required.[16]
In 1921, she ran for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors with the endorsement of the Taxpayers’ Association of San Francisco.[17]
References
edit- ^ The Sacramento Union. December 21, 1909.
- ^ a b "Mrs. Harrington Is Eligible for the Bar". The San Francisco Call. August 11, 1914.
- ^ a b c "Women Brave Registrar's Quizzing and Qualify to Vote Under New Privilege". The San Francisco Call. October 18, 1911.
- ^ "ELECT MRS. E. C. HARRINGTON". The Emanu-El. San Francisco. 1 November 1918. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Dolan, Brian (2020-05-19). "Unmasking History: Who Was Behind the Anti-Mask League Protests During the 1918 Influenza Epidemic in San Francisco?". Perspectives in Medical Humanities. 5 (19). doi:10.34947/M7QP4M.
- ^ The San Francisco Call. December 24, 1911.
- ^ "Women to Join Ranks of the Nonpartisans". The San Francisco Call. July 26, 1912.
- ^ "Women Yorkers Organize". The San Francisco Call. August 31, 1911.
- ^ "Political Notes". The San Francisco Call. April 24, 1912.
- ^ "Political Notes". The San Francisco Call. May 8, 1912.
- ^ "Women's Support Pledged to Taft". The San Francisco Call. April 9, 1912.
- ^ "Women in Stores Are Urged to Register". The San Francisco Call. April 10, 1912.
- ^ "Mrs. Harrington Sure She'll Win". The San Francisco Call. November 4, 1918.
- ^ "Flu Mask Law Signed; To Be Enforced". The San Francisco Call. January 18, 1919.
- ^ "Relative to the Repeal of Influenza Mask Ordinance". Journal of Proceedings, Board of Supervisors, City and County of San Francisco: 50. January 27, 1919 – via archive.org.
- ^ "S. F. May Doff 'Flu' Masks Following Protests of League". Los Angeles Herald. January 28, 1919.
- ^ "Taxpayers Indorse Women Supervisors". The San Francisco Call. October 13, 1921.