Emma Maria Wolffhardt (born 27 July 1899; died 1997) was a German Industrial Chemist at BASF and she was the first women chemist at BASF who had her own research area.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Furthermore, she was the first to use the calotte model for understanding and improving organic synthesis.[3][7][8]
Life
editWolffhardt studied at the University of Würzburg and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.[7] She did her doctorate with Stefan Goldschmidt.[7] Wolffhardt started her career at BASF in 1925.[1] At first, she had to work in the literature office of the main laboratory.[1] She was very unhappy in this job because she was not allowed to work in research.[1] Months later, Alwin Mittasch, who was head of the laboratory at the time, searched for an assistant, and Wolffhardt applied and was appointed Mittasch assistant.[1] Then, she supported Mittasch in his scientific work.[1] In 1940, she received her own research area, where she researched the production of aviation fuel.[1] She was the first to use the calotte model for understanding and improving organic synthesis.[3][7][8][9] In this way, Wolffhardt was the first German researcher to archieve a yield of 8-10% for triptane. In 1950, Wolffhardt was the first women university graduate in the history of the company who celebrated her 25th anniversary.[1] In 1960, she retired.[1] She died in 1997 in Heidelberg.[1] She had an adopted daughter.[4]
Selected publications
edit- Wolffhardt, Emma (1947). "Beiträge zur Verwendung der Atommodelle von H. A. Stuart in der organischen Chemie". Chemische Berichte (in German). 80 (1): 64–76. doi:10.1002/cber.19470800113.
- Wolffhardt, Emma (1964). Briefe Justus von Liebigs an König Max II. von Bayern 1853–1860 (in German). München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. OCLC 439525317.
- Wolffhardt, Emma (1965). " ... Selbst der Luxus bedarf der Soda ...": von der Bedeutung einer Verordnung Maximilians II. für die Gründung der BASF Ludwigshafen (in German). Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar. OCLC 927478815.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Goldschmidt, Stefan; Wolf, Anton; Wolffhardt, Emma; Drimmer, Israel; Nathan, Simon (1924). "Über Hydrazyle". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 437 (1): 194–226. doi:10.1002/jlac.19244370113. ISSN 1099-0690.
- Wolffhardt, Emma (1924). Ueber Diphenyl-acyl-hydrazyle (Dissertation). Würzburg.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "DIE ANILINERINNEN" (PDF). www.google.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ Cambridge Scholars Publisher (14 January 2019). Perspectives on Chemical Biography in the 21st Century. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-1-5275-2497-2.
- ^ a b c Renate Tobies (1997). "Aller Männerkultur zum Trotz": Frauen in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. Campus Verlag. pp. 268–269. ISBN 978-3-593-35749-2.
- ^ a b Johnson, Jeffrey A. (1998-12-01). "German women in chemistry, 1925–1945 (part II)". NTM International Journal of History & Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology & Medicine. 6 (1): 65–90. doi:10.1007/BF02914207. ISSN 1420-9144. PMID 27518333. S2CID 33178544.
- ^ Karriere, BASF (2018-03-15). "Eine weitere, bewundernswerte Frau in der #Geschichte von #BASF ist Dr. Emma Wolffhardt". @BASFKarriere (in German). Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ "Personal- und Hochschulnachrichten". Nachrichten aus Chemie und Technik. 22 (13): 265–266. 1974. doi:10.1002/nadc.19740221310. ISSN 1868-0054.
- ^ a b c d Johnson, Jeffrey Allan (2013). "The Case of the Missing German Quantum Chemists: On Molecular Models, Mobilization, and the Paradoxes of Modernizing Chemistry in Nazi Germany". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences. 43 (4): 391–452. doi:10.1525/hsns.2013.43.4.391. ISSN 1939-1811. JSTOR 10.1525/hsns.2013.43.4.391.
- ^ a b Wolffhardt, Emma (1947). "Beiträge zur Verwendung der Atommodelle von H. A. Stuart in der organischen Chemie". Chemische Berichte (in German). 80 (1): 64–76. doi:10.1002/cber.19470800113.
- ^ "Münchener Chemische Gesellschaft". Angewandte Chemie. 60 (7–8): 219. 1948. Bibcode:1948AngCh..60..219.. doi:10.1002/ange.19480600718. ISSN 1521-3757.