Emydocephalus is a genus of sea snakes, also known as turtle-headed sea snakes, in the family Elapidae. The genus is one of a small group of the viviparous sea snakes (Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini) with Aipysurus. Unlike most sea snakes, the species that make up Emydocephalus lack teeth on their dentary and palatine bones. They also lack venom, making them the only non-venomous elapids. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. Emydocephalus does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth.[2] This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of fish eggs. Due to their prey being small and immobile, they exhibit a foraging strategy different than most snakes, where they forage more frequently but consume smaller quantities.[3]
| Emydocephalus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Emydocephalus ijimae | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Subfamily: | Hydrophiinae |
| Genus: | Emydocephalus Krefft, 1869 [1] |
| Species | |
|
Three recognized species, see article. | |
Etymology
editThe generic name, Emydocephalus, is from the Greek words ὲμύς (emys) meaning "turtle", and κεφαλή (kephale) meaning "head".[4]
Geographic range
editSpecies of the genus Emydocephalus are found in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australasia.[5]
Species
editEmydocephalus has three recognized species.
- Emydocephalus annulatus Krefft, 1869 - turtle-headed sea snake, egg-eating sea snake
- Emydocephalus ijimae Stejneger, 1898 - turtlehead sea snake
- Emydocephalus orarius Nankivell, Goiran, Hourston, Shine, Rasmussen, Thomson, & Sanders, 2020[6]
References
edit- ^ "Emydocephalus ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
- ^ Voris K., Harold (1966). "Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)". The Ecological Society of America. 47 (1): 152–154. doi:10.2307/1935755. JSTOR 1935755 – via Wiley.
- ^ Shine, R.; Bonnet, X.; Elphick, M. J.; Barrott, E. G. (February 2004). "A novel foraging mode in snakes: browsing by the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae)". Functional Ecology. 18 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x. ISSN 0269-8463.
- ^ Stejneger L (1907). Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Territory. United States National Museum Bulletin 58. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xx + 577 pp. (Genus Emydocephalus, p. 413).
- ^ Genus Emydocephalus at The Reptile Database
- ^ Nankivell, James H.; Goiran, Claire; Hourston, Mathew; Shine, Richard; Rasmussen, Arne R.; Thomson, Vicki A.; Sanders, Kate L. (2020-03-27). "A new species of turtle-headed sea Snake ( Emydocephalus : Elapidae) endemic to Western Australia". Zootaxa. 4758 (1): 141–156. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.6. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32230158. S2CID 214750958.
Further reading
edit- Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Genus Emydocephalus, p. 332).
- Krefft G (1869). The Snakes of Australia; An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer. xxv + 100 pp. + Plates I–XII. (Emydocephalus, new genus, p. 92).