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List of endemic species of Taiwan

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The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan – that is, they naturally occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic species and subspecies in selected animal groups in Taiwan:

Category Total species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Mammals 70 45 64%
Birds 450 84 19%
Reptiles 85 27 32%
Amphibians 37 17 46%
Freshwater fish 220 36 16%
Butterflies 400 50 13%
Total 1,257 252 20%

Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.[1]

Category Total (native) species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Pteridophytes 629 72 11%
Gymnosperms 28 18 64%
Dicotyledons 2,410 750 31%
Monocotyledons 1,010 227 23%
Total 4,077 1,067 26%

Endemic fauna

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Endemic mammals

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Formosan serow
 
Formosan macaque

Endemic birds

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Taiwan blue magpie
 
Taiwan whistling thrush
 
Mikado pheasant
Main article: Endemic birds of Taiwan

32 endemic bird species and another 52 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 686 bird species). The thirty-two endemic species make up about 4.6% of all birds living in Taiwan.

Endemic reptiles

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Endemic amphibians

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Endemic freshwater fishes

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Formosan landlocked salmon

Endemic flora

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Taiwan is home to several hundred endemic plant species and subspecies, including four endemic genera – Conjugatovarium, Kudoacanthus, Shaolinchiana, and Tangshuia. Plants are sorted by family.[3]

Acanthaceae

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Actinidiaceae

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Amaranthaceae

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Amaryllidaceae

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Apiaceae

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Apocynaceae

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Aquifoliaceae

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Araceae

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Araliaceae

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Arecaceae

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Aristolochiaceae

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Asparagaceae

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Aspleniaceae

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Asteraceae

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Balsaminaceae

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Begoniaceae

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Berberidaceae

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Betulaceae

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Boraginaceae

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Brassicaceae

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Buxaceae

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Campanulaceae

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Caprifoliaceae

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Caryophyllaceae

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Celastraceae

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Clusiaceae

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Colchicaceae

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Commelinaceae

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Convolvulaceae

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Crassulaceae

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Cucurbitaceae

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Cupressaceae

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Cyatheaceae

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Cyperaceae

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Daphniphyllaceae

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Dioscoreaceae

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Ebenaceae

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Elaeagnaceae

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Elaeocarpaceae

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Ericaceae

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Euphorbiaceae

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Fabaceae

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Fagaceae

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Gentianaceae

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Geraniaceae

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Gesneriaceae

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Gleicheniaceae

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Grossulariaceae

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Hydrangeaceae

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Hymenophyllaceae

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Hypericaceae

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Iridaceae

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Isoetaceae

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  • Isoetes taiwanensis De Vol
    • Isoetes taiwanensis var. kinmenensis F.Y.Lu, H.H.Chen & Y.L.Hsueh
    • Isoetes taiwanensis var. taiwanensis

Iteaceae

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Juncaceae

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Lamiaceae

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Lardizabalaceae

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Lauraceae

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Liliaceae

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Linderniaceae

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Loranthaceae

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Lycopodiaceae

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Lythraceae

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Magnoliaceae

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Malvaceae

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Marrataceae

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Mazaceae

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Melanthiaceae

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Melastomataceae

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Meliaceae

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Menispermaceae

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Mitrastemonaceae

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Moraceae

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Musaceae

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Myrtaceae

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Nyctaginaceae

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Oleaceae

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Onagraceae

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Orchidaceae

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Orobanchaceae

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Oxalidaceae

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Papaveraceae

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Pentaphylacaceae

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Phyllanthaceae

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Pinaceae

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Piperaceae

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Pittosporaceae

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Plantaginaceae

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Plumbaginaceae

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Poaceae

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Podocarpaceae

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Polygalaceae

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Polygonaceae

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Polypodiaceae

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Primulaceae

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Proteaceae

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Pteridaceae

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Ranunculaceae

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Rhamnaceae

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Rosaceae

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Rubiaceae

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Rutaceae

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Sabiaceae

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Salicaceae

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Santalaceae

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Sapindaceae

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Saxifragaceae

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Schisandraceae

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Scrophulariaceae

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Selaginellaceae

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Simaroubaceae

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Smilacaceae

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Solanaceae

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Staphyleaceae

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Styracaceae

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Symplocaceae

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Taxaceae

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Theaceae

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Thymelaeaceae

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Ulmaceae

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Urticaceae

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Viburnaceae

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Violaceae

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Vitaceae

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Xyridaceae

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Zingiberaceae

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Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hsieh, Chang-Fu (2002). "Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora". Taiwania. 47 (4): 298–310. doi:10.6165/tai.2002.47(4).298.
  2. ^ Neosalanx acuticeps
  3. ^ Endemic plants of Taiwan, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
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