The Enforcer is a ship design created by Royal Schelde (now Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding) following the design and building of HNLMS Rotterdam. HNLMS Rotterdam was jointly developed by the Royal Netherlands Navy and the Spanish Navy.[1][2]
.jpg) Castilla in 2009
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Enforcer |
| Builders | |
| Operators | |
| Subclasses | |
| Built | 1996-2006 |
| In commission | 1998-present |
| Completed | 8 |
| Active | 8 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Landing Platform Dock |
Development began in the 1980s, when the Royal Netherlands Navy began investigating ways to provide an amphibious transport capability.[3] In 1994, preliminary design work began.[3] The Spanish government proposed in 1990 to collaborate on the design.[3] A Memorandum of Understanding was signed in June 1992.[3] Development of the base design occurred during 1993, after which the navies turned to local companies for further design work and construction: Royal Schelde in the Netherlands, and Bazán (which became Navantia in 2005) in Spain.[3]
Royal Schelde completed one ship to the Rotterdam class, with HNLMS Rotterdam constructed between 1995 and 1998.[3] Bazan/Navantia completed two ships to the Galicia-class design.
After building Rotterdam, Royal Schelde developed the "Enforcer Family": four variants of the Enforcer design intended for export sale.[3] Increased modularity, less powerful propulsion systems, and increased use of commercial construction standards[clarification needed] allowed the company to offer the export variants at lower prices.[3]
The Enforcer design also served as the basis of a second ship for the Royal Netherlands Navy; HNLMS Johan de Witt, which was laid down in 2003 and commissioned in 2007.[4] The design was used for the British Bay-class landing ships.[5] Four vessels were built for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary by two shipyards between 2002 and 2007, with one sold in 2011 to the Royal Australian Navy.[5]
The Enforcer design was considered a contender for the Indian Navy Multi-Role Support Vessel programme.[6]
Enforcer redesign
editAround 2020, Damen released its updated portfolio of Enforcer Landing Platform Dock (LPD). This update saw a significant redesign to facilitate new equipment, material upgrades, improved internal logistics and greater levels of design 'flexibility'.[7] The new portfolio consists of seven sibling designs that range in size and by extension the size of internal facilities / capacity (embarked military force, crew size, aviation spots, hangar capacity etc.). The largest design (Enforcer 18028) is 180 metres in length and capable of embarking a force of 590-790 personnel with a crew of 155; the smallest (Enforcer 12026) is 120 metres with an embarked force of 200-270 and a crew of 90.[8]
The new Enforcer design is highlighted as a contender for a possible UK / Netherlands amphibious requirement with both nations exploring options for joint acquisition of a new common LHP design to replace the three Bay-class and two Albion-class ships, plus RFA Argus of the Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary (known as the Multi-Role Support Ship program), as well as the two Rotterdam-class LPDs and the four Holland-class offshore patrol vessels of the Royal Netherland Navy (Known as LPX program).[7][9]
Ships based on Enforcer design
editHere is a list of ships that are based on the Enforcer design.
 Royal Netherlands Navy
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Laid down | Launched | In service | Out of service | Notes |
| HNLMS Rotterdam (L800) | 25 January 1996 | 27 February 1997 | 18 April 1998 | - | In active service |
| HNLMS Johan de Witt (L801) | 18 June 2003 | 13 May 2006 | 30 November 2007 | - | In active service |
 Spanish Navy
| |||||
| Galicia (L51) | May 1996 | 21 July 1997 | 29 April 1998 | - | In active service |
| Castilla (L52) | May 1997 | 14 June 1999 | 29 June 2000 | - | In active service |
 Royal Fleet Auxiliary
| |||||
| RFA Largs Bay (L3006) | 28 January 2002 | 18 July 2003 | 28 November 2006 | April 2011 | Sold to RAN in April 2011 |
| RFA Lyme Bay (L3007) | 22 November 2000 | 3 September 2005 | 26 November 2007 | - | In active service |
| RFA Mounts Bay (L3008) | 25 August 2002 | 9 April 2004 | 13 July 2006 | - | In active service |
| RFA Cardigan Bay (L3009) | 13 October 2003 | 8–9 April 2005 | 18 December 2006 | - | In active service |
 Royal Australian Navy
| |||||
| Name | Acquired | In service | Out of service | Notes | |
| HMAS Choules (L100) (ex-Largs Bay) | 6 April 2011 | 13 December 2011 | - | In active service | |
References
edit- ^ "Sealift: Rotterdam/Galicia (Enforcer) Class LPD". Canadian American Strategic Review. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ "Sealifter Comparisons — Rotterdam Class LPD". Canadian American Strategic Review. Archived from the original on 25 January 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Netherlands - Rotterdam Class Landing Platform, Dock (LPD)". AMI International. October 2001. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ Wertheim, Eric, ed. (2007). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems (15th ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 495. ISBN 9781591149552. OCLC 140283156.
- ^ a b Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2008). Jane's Fighting Ships 2008–2009. Jane's Fighting Ships (111th ed.). Surrey: Jane's Information Group. p. 876. ISBN 978-0-7106-2845-9. OCLC 225431774.
- ^ "Multi-Role Support Ship (MRSS)". Global Security. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ a b Scott, Richard (2023-12-19). "Damen pitches Enforcer for potential UK/NL amphibious requirement". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
- ^ "Enforcers - Damen". www.damen.com. Retrieved 2024-01-13.
- ^ "Multi Role Support Ships – the future of Royal Navy amphibious capability | Navy Lookout". www.navylookout.com. 2023-09-04. Retrieved 2024-01-13.