The English cricket team in North America in 1859 was the first ever overseas cricket tour by an English team. The touring team is sometimes referred to as George Parr's XI.
Organisation
editThe idea for the tour came from William Pickering, a former player who had emigrated to Canada in 1852 and first captained Canada against the United States the following year.[1] Together with Robert Waller from St George's Cricket Club, Pickering opened discussions for a possible tour in 1856 but financial problems meant that it was three years before the money could be raised. The English team required a guarantee of £600, which Pickering obtained through the Montreal Cricket Club, Hamilton Cricket Club and St George's Cricket Club.[2]
Team
editThe English team comprised six members of the All-England Eleven and six of the United All-England Eleven.[3] With George Parr as captain, the twelve players were effectively the cream of professional talent in the 1859 English cricket season that had just ended:
| Name | County club | Birth date | Batting style | Bowling style | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G. Parr | Nottinghamshire | 22 May 1826 (aged 33) | right-handed | right arm underarm | [4] |
| R. P. Carpenter | Cambridgeshire | 18 November 1830 (aged 28) | right-handed | none | [5] |
| T. Hayward | Cambridgeshire | 21 March 1835 (aged 24) | right-handed | right arm roundarm medium pace | [6] |
| A. J. D. Diver | Cambridgeshire | 6 July 1824 (aged 35) | right-handed | right arm underarm fast-medium pace | [7] |
| J. Caesar | Surrey | 25 March 1830 (aged 29) | right-handed | right arm roundarm fast | [8] |
| Name | County club | Birth date | Batting style | Bowling style | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W. Caffyn | Surrey | 2 February 1828 (aged 31) | right-handed | right arm roundarm medium pace | [9] |
| H. H. Stephenson | Surrey | 3 May 1833 (aged 26) | right-handed | right arm roundarm fast | [10] |
| J. Lillywhite | Sussex | 10 November 1826 (aged 32) | right-handed | right arm roundarm fast | [11] |
| Name | County club | Birth date | Batting style | Bowling style | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. Lockyer | Surrey | 1 November 1826 (aged 32) | right-handed | right arm roundarm fast-medium | [12] |
| Name | County club | Birth date | Batting style | Bowling style | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J. Grundy | Nottinghamshire | 5 March 1824 (aged 35) | right-handed | right arm roundarm fast | [13] |
| J. Jackson | Nottinghamshire | 21 May 1833 (aged 26) | right-handed | right arm roundarm fast | [14] |
| J. Wisden | Sussex | 5 September 1826 (aged 33) | right-handed | right arm underarm slow | [15] |
Matches
edit
Five matches were played, all against XXIIs, so none had first-class status. Three exhibition games were also played in which the 12 England players divided and added five North Americans to each team to make up eleven-a-side matches. Including travelling time, the trip lasted two months and each English player (all professionals) earned about £90, a sizeable sum at the time.
The team's opponents were:
- 22 of Lower Canada by 8 wickets at Montreal, Quebec on 26–27 September
- 22 of the United States by an innings and 64 runs at Elysian Fields, Hoboken, New Jersey on 3–5 October
- 22 of the United States by 7 wickets at Camac Woods, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 10–12 October
- 22 of Upper Canada by 10 wickets at Hamilton, Ontario on 17–19 October
- 22 of the United States and Canada by an innings and 68 runs at Rochester, New York on 21–25 October.
One of the exhibition matches was played 14 October at Camac Woods.
Among their opponents were Harry Wright, a future pioneer of professional baseball, and Charles H. T. Collis, future Medal of Honor winner in the American Civil War.
In addition to the exhibition matches they also had two excursions to view the Niagara Falls.
The English side was exceedingly strong and would probably have beaten any twenty-two in England. There were excellent crowds for the first three matches but the weather in mid-October turned very cold and reduced the attendances at the last two. It was reported that the fielders wore gloves and overcoats in the last match.[16]
Aftermath
editA product of the tour was a book by Fred Lillywhite, who travelled as scorer, entitled The English Cricketers' Trip to Canada and the United States and published in 1860. A reprint of the book was published in 1980 with an introduction by Robin Marlar, including biographies of all of the players.
For the general growth of cricket in the United States, it was most unfortunate that this pioneering tour occurred only 18 months before the American Civil War began. If the war had not broken out, it is highly likely that two or three follow-up tours might have been arranged in the early 1860s, thus building on the interest created by the initial trip. As it was, the enthusiasm for cricket faded in the war years and the troops on both sides adopted the embryonic game of baseball. When English teams resumed tours to America in 1868, not only did they have to try to rekindle the enthusiasm, but in baseball they had a serious rival to contend with.
References
edit- ^ Reeves 2014, p.29.
- ^ Reeves 2014, pp.54-55.
- ^ Reeves 2014, p.60.
- ^ "George Parr". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "Robert Carpenter". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "Thomas Hayward". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "Alfred Diver". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "Julius Caesar". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "Billy Caffyn". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "H. H. Stephenson". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "John Lillywhite". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "Tom Lockyer". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "James Grundy". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "John Jackson". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ "John Wisden". CricketArchive. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ Reeves 2014, p.213.
Further reading
edit- Altham, H. S. (1962). A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914). George Allen & Unwin.
- Birley, Derek (1999). A Social History of English Cricket. Aurum.
- Bowen, Rowland (1970). Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development. Eyre & Spottiswoode.
- Lillywhite, Fred (1980). The English Cricketers' Trip to Canada and the United States in 1859. Introduction by Robin Marlar. World's Work.
- Major, John (2007). More Than A Game. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780007183654.
- Reeves, Scott (2014). The Champion Band: The First English Cricket Tour. Chequered Flag Publishing. ISBN 9780956946089.
External links
edit- G. Parr's XI in North America 1859 at CricketArchive
- The English Cricketers' Trip to Canada and the United States by Fred Lillywhite (digitised version at Internet Archive)