Enrique Ruiz Guiñazú (14 October 1882 – 13 November 1967)[1] was an Argentine politician who is best remembered for his spell as Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship in the 1940s.
His daughter is Magdalena Ruiz Guiñazú, an Argentine writer and journalist.
Rise to prominence
editRuiz Guiñazú served as both a professor and a banker before into the diplomatic service, with his roles including chief delegate to the League of Nations and ambassador to Switzerland.[2] He was serving as ambassador to the Vatican City when President Ramón Castillo recalled him to take up the post of Foreign Minister.[3] Even before the entry of the United States into the Second World War Ruiz Guiñazú had already accrued a reputation as a fascist sympathiser in that country, with his frequent praising of Benito Mussolini and Francisco Franco leading American diplomat Sumner Welles to write that Ruiz Guiñazú was "one of the stupidest men ever to hold office in Argentina's proud history".[4] Having previously served as ambassador to Spain, where he had been impressed by falangism, Ruiz Guiñazú advocated both neutrality in the Second World War and Hispanidad as Foreign Minister.[5]
Pro-Axis activity
editAt the Pan-American conference held in Rio de Janeiro in January 1942, Ruiz Guiñazú pushed a pro-Axis Powers agenda by ensuring that the wording of the US-led agreement was changed from a 'commitment' to breaking off diplomatic relations with the Axis to a 'recommendation'.[6] Ultimately Castillo kept open relations with Germany, Japan and Italy for the duration of his presidency.[7]
Ostensibly seeking a peace settlement Ruiz Guiñazú and his main advisor Mario Amadeo closely co-operated with the Axis powers, sending Juan Carlos Goyeneche to Europe as their own envoy and asking German ambassador Edmund von Thermann to forward plans for an Argentine-hosted peace summit to Joachim von Ribbentrop in which Nazi rule over Europe would be officially recognised.[8] However the idea came to nothing and Ruiz Guiñazú's time as Foreign Minister came to an end in 1943.
Writing
editAway from politics Ruiz Guiñazú was a noted historian with his 1916 book La Magistratura Indiana considered a central study of justice in Latin America under Spanish rule for many years after it was first published.[9]
References
edit- ^ Olaza Pallero, Sandro (2017). "Enrique Ruiz Guiñazú y las Relaciones Exteriores argentinas en la Segunda Guerra Mundial: un debate todavía abierto" (PDF). Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, protagonista de la historia argentina (in Spanish). Departamento de Publicaciones - Facultad de Derecho - Universidad de Buenos Aires: 300–310.
- ^ John Gunther, Inside Latin America, Harper & Brothers, 1941, p. 326
- ^ Robert A. Potash, The Army & Politics in Argentina: 1928-1945; Yrigoyen to Perón, Stanford University Press, 1969, p. 152
- ^ Benjamin Welles, Sumner Welles: FDR's global strategist : a biography, Palgrave Macmillan, 1997, p. 315
- ^ Ray Josephs, Argentine Diary, READ BOOKS, 2007, p. 179
- ^ Graciela Ben-Dror, The Catholic Church and the Jews: Argentina, 1933-1945, University of Nebraska Press, 2008, p. 28
- ^ Julio Cotler, Richard R. Fagen, Heraclio Bonilla, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Latin America and the United States: the changing political realities, Stanford University Press, 1974, p. 131
- ^ Uki Goñi, The Real ODESSA, Granta Books, 2003, pp. 3-4
- ^ Lyle N. McAlister, Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700, Volume 3, University of Minnesota Press, 1984, p. 556