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The enterogastric reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract, the other two being the gastroileal reflex and the gastrocolic reflex.[1] The enterogastric reflex is stimulated by duodenal distension.[2] It can also be stimulated by a pH of 3-4 in the duodenum and by a pH of 1.5 in the stomach. Upon initiation of the reflex, the release of gastrin by G-cells in the antrum of the stomach is shut off. This in turn inhibits gastric motility and the secretion of gastric acid (HCl).[1]
Emptying inhibitory factors
editThe stomach's contents are inhibited from emptying into the small intestine by:
- duodenal distension[3][2]
- duodenal acidic pH[4]
- duodenal hypertonicity[5][6]
- increased osmolarity of gastric chyme[5][6]
- sympathetic stimulation[citation needed]
- intense pain[citation needed]
- Cholecystokinin, Secretin, Vasoactive intestinal peptide
- Nitric oxide, somatostatin from D cells
Emptying stimulatory factors
editThe stomach's contents empty through the pylorus, allowing digestion to proceed, when there is:
- parasympathetic stimulation[citation needed]
- increased volume and fluidity of gastric contents[7]
References
edit- ^ a b "Gastrointestinal Reflex Pathways". LibreTexts. 22 July 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ a b "Enterogastric Reflex". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ Holzer, H. H.; Raybould, H. E. (April 1992). "Vagal and splanchnic sensory pathways mediate inhibition of gastric motility induced by duodenal distension". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 262 (4): G603–G608. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.4.G603. PMID 1566842.
- ^ Hunt, J. N.; Knox, M. T. (1969). "The slowing of gastric emptying by nine acids". The Journal of Physiology. 201 (1): 161–179. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008749. PMC 1351638. PMID 5773550.
- ^ a b "Factors That Regulate Gastric Emptying". Physiology Plus. Archived from the original on 2019-04-27. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ a b Meeroff, J. C.; Go, V. L.; Phillips, S. F. (May 1975). "Control of gastric emptying by osmolality of duodenal contents in man". Gastroenterology. 68 (5 Pt 1): 1144–51. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(75)80228-9. PMID 1126594. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ "Nervous System of the Digestive System - Gastrointestinal Reflex Pathways". Boundless. Retrieved 31 March 2016.