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The epiglottal or pharyngeal ejective is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʡʼ⟩.
| Epiglottal or pharyngeal ejective | |
|---|---|
| ʡʼ | |
| IPA Number | 173 + 401 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | >\_> |
Features
editFeatures of the pharyngeal ejective:
- Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
- Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
editA pharyngeal ejective has been reported in certain Dargin languages, a branch of the Northeast Caucasian family.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dargwa | [example needed] | Only present in some varieties of Dargwa but absent in the literary standard dialect.[1][failed verification] | ||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Daniel, Michael; Dobrushina, Nina; Ganenkov, Dmitry, eds. (2019). The Mehweb language: Essays on phonology, morphology and syntax. Languages of the Caucasus. Vol. 1. Berlin: Language Science Press. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3374730. hdl:/20.500.12657/23417. ISBN 978-3-96110-208-2.