Eriostemon is a genus of flowering plants of the family Rutaceae. It is native to eastern Australia and includes just two species, E. australasius and E. banksii. Eriostemon australasius, commonly known as pink wax flower, occurs between Fraser Island and Nowra and is a shrub of heathlands and low open woodlands. Eriostemon banksii is endemic to Cape York Peninsula and is a shrub or small tree occurring in heathland and rainforest margins.
| Eriostemon | |
|---|---|
| |
| Eriostemon australasius at Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Subfamily: | Zanthoxyloideae |
| Genus: | Eriostemon Sm.[1] |
| Species | |
Description
editPlants in the genus Eriostemon are shrubs or small trees which have their thinnest branches, leaves and petals covered with fine star-like hairs (although the hairs may only be visible with a magnifying glass). The leaves are arranged alternately along the branches and are simple leaves with smooth edges. The leaves are 17–80 mm (0.7–3 in) long, 5–17 mm (0.2–0.7 in) wide and have three or five main veins. The flowers are arranged singly in leaf axils, and about 12–15 mm (0.5–0.6 in) in diameter. There are five separate sepals and five petals with their edges overlapping. There are ten stamens, all with hairy filaments.[2][3]
Taxonomy and naming
editThe genus Eriostemon was first formally described in 1798 by James Edward Smith but he did not nominate a type species. The description was published in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Eriostemon australasius was nominated as the lectotype by Paul Wilson in 1978.[4][5] The genus name (Eriostemon) is derived from the Ancient Greek words erion meaning "wool"[6]: 864 and stemon meaning "stamen"[6]: 747 referring to the woolly stamens.[7]
A large number of species once classified within the genus have been placed in the newer genus Philotheca including Eriostemon verrucosus (now Philotheca verrucosa), E. myoporoides (Philotheca myoporoides) and E. buxifolius (Philotheca buxifolia). The only two species currently included are E. australasius and E. banksii.[8][9][10]
Use in horticulture
editPink wax flower is described as being a "very desirable" garden plant, however it is difficult to propagate and to maintain. A semi-shaded position in well-drained soil is regarded as the conditions best suited to the species.[11]
References
edit- ^ "Eriostemon". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ Weston, Peter H. "Genus Eriostemon". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: plantnet. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
- ^ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Eriostemon banksii". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ "Eriostemon". APNI. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ^ Smith, James Edward (1798). "The Characters of Twenty New Genera of Plants". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 4: 221. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
- ^ a b Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- ^ "Eriostemon". APNI. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
- ^ Bayly, Michael J.; Brophy, Joseph J.; Forster, Paul I.; Goldsack, Robert J.; Wilson, Paul G. (1998). "Reinstatement of Eriostemon banksii (Rutaceae), with a Report on the Composition of Leaf Essential Oils in E. banksii and E. australasius s. str". Australian Systematic Botany. 11 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1071/SB96010.
- ^ Bayly, Michael. "A name change for most Eriostemons". Australian Native Plants Society Australia. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
- ^ Wilson, Paul G. (1998). "A taxonomic review of the genera Eriostemon and Philotheca (Boronieae: Rutaceae)". Nuytsia. 12 (2): 239–265. doi:10.58828/nuy00300.
- ^ "Eriostemon australasius". Australian Native Plants Society Australia. Retrieved 25 October 2016.