Sir Ernest Beachcroft Beckwith Towse, VC, KCVO, CBE, (23 April 1864 – 21 June 1948) was an English British Army officer and campaigner for the blind. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Sir Ernest Beachcroft Towse | |
|---|---|
 Towse in the uniform of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms | |
| Born | 23 April 1864 Westminster, London |
| Died | 21 June 1948 (aged 84) Goring-on-Thames, Oxfordshire |
| Buried | St Thomas of Canterbury Churchyard, Goring |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1885–1900 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | The Gordon Highlanders |
| Battles / wars | Chitral Expedition Tirah Campaign Second Boer War World War I |
| Awards | |
| Other work | Patron of blind and military charities |
Military career
editTowse, the son of a solicitor, was born in London, and was educated at Stubbington House School, Gosport, and Wellington College, Berkshire. In 1883 he joined the 3rd (Militia) Battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders and was promoted lieutenant in December 1885. In 1886 he transferred to the Gordon Highlanders.[1] He distinguished himself with the Chitral Expedition in 1895, was promoted to captain on 20 May 1896, and served in the Tirah Campaign on the North-West Frontier of India in 1898.[2]
After the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, his battalion was sent to South Africa. They were part of large force sent to relieve the Siege of Kimberley, and took part in the Battle of Magersfontein on 10–11 December 1899, in which the defending Boer force defeated the advancing British, causing heavy casualties. Towse was mentioned in the despatch from Lord Methuen describing the battle.[3]
Details on the Victoria Cross
editTowse was 35 years old, and a captain in the 1st Battalion, The Gordon Highlanders during the Second Boer War when the following deeds led to the award of the Victoria Cross:
On the 11th December, 1899, at the action of Magersfontein, Captain Towse was brought to notice by his Commanding Officer for his gallantry and devotion in assisting the late Colonel Downman, when mortally wounded, in the retirement, and endeavouring, when close up to the front of the firing line, to carry Colonel Downman on his back; but finding this not possible, Captain Towse supported him till joined by Colour-Sergeant Nelson and Lance-Corporal Hodgson. On the 30th April, 1900, Captain Towse, with twelve men, took up a position on the top of Mount Thaba, far away from support. A force of about 150 Boers attempted to seize the same plateau, neither party appearing to see the other until they were but 100 yards apart. Some of the Boers then got within 40 yards of Captain Towse and his party, and called on him to surrender. He at once caused his men to open fire and remained firing himself until severely wounded (both eyes shattered), succeeding in driving off the Boers. The gallantry of this Officer in vigorously attacking the enemy (for he not only fired, but charged forward) saved the situation, notwithstanding the numerical superiority of the Boers.[4]
The shot that blinded Towse was fired by the Russian volunteer Yevgeny Maximov who was struggling with Towse during the action on Mount Thaba.[5] Queen Victoria, it is said, shed tears when pinning the decoration. Possibly at her instance, The War Office awarded Towse with a special wounds pension of £300 a year.[citation needed]
He retired from the army in February 1902,[6] but was appointed by King Edward VII one of His Majesty′s Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms on 1 January 1903.[7]
Campaigner for the blind
edit
Towse′s VC action left him blind and he spent much of the rest of his life working with the blind. He served in the First World War as a staff officer working with the wounded in base hospitals in France and Belgium, as well as promoting the welfare of blinded former servicemen.[1] Towse was chairman of the British and Foreign Blind Association, founded the British Wireless for the Blind Fund in 1928[8] and was a trustee of The Association for Promoting the General Welfare of the Blind (GWB, now known as CLARITY - Employment for Blind People). He provided GWB a grant of £500, which enabled them to start making soap.[9]
In 1940 he made his house available as a rehabilitation centre for civilians blinded through air raids.[1] His sister, Beatrice Julia Beckwith Towse, was a committee member of the Disabled Officers Garden Homes (formerly Ex-Officers Direct Supply Association) organisation; she lived with him after his injury.[10]
Among other appointments, Towse was a national vice-president of the British Legion from 1927, and Vice Patron of St Dunstans (now Blind Veterans UK) from 1946, holding both posts until his death in 1948.[1]
Pipe Major George S. McLennan (1884–1929) of the Gordon Highlanders composed the 2/4 march "Captain E.B.B. Towse, V.C." in his honour.[11]
The VC medal
editHis Victoria Cross is displayed at the Gordon Highlanders Museum, Aberdeen, Scotland.[12]
Medals and honours
edit
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| Ribbon | Description | Notes |
| |
Victoria Cross (VC) | 6 July 1900 |
| |
Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) | 1927 |
| |
Order of the British Empire (CBE) | Civil Division – 1920 |
| |
Venerable Order of St John (K.StJ) | 1916 |
| |
India Medal | 3 Clasps
|
| |
Queen's South Africa Medal | 3 Clasps
|
| |
1914–15 Star | |
| |
British War Medal | |
| |
World War I Victory Medal | With Mentioned in dispatches Oakleaf |
| |
King Edward VII Coronation Medal | 1902 |
| |
King George V Coronation Medal | 1911 |
| |
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal | 1935 |
| |
King George VI Coronation Medal | 1937 |
Other honours
editTowse also received a number of other honours, including sergeant-at-arms in ordinary to the queen (appointed 1900); member of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms (1903–39); and was also a member of the Fishmongers' Company and the court of the Clothworkers' Company.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Curtis, Basil; Stearn, Roger T. (2004). "Towse, Sir (Ernest) Beachcroft". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36544. Retrieved 10 January 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Hart′s Army list, 1901
- ^ "No. 27174". The London Gazette. 16 March 1900. pp. 1785–1788.
- ^ "No. 27208". The London Gazette. 6 July 1900. p. 4196.
- ^ Davidson, Apollon & Filatova, Irina The Russians and the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902, Cape Town, Human & Rousseau, 1998 page 77.
- ^ "No. 27405". The London Gazette. 11 February 1902. p. 847.
- ^ "No. 27513". The London Gazette. 6 January 1903. p. 105.
- ^ "BWBF website". Archived from the original on 11 November 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
- ^ "CLARITY-Employment for Blind People: Our History. Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
- ^ Wounded in War they would work in Peace- A History of the DOGH Macdonnell Gardens, Sqn Ldr Brian R. F. Relf, R.A.F., p. 9
- ^ The Cairngorm collection : Highland bagpipe music. Kingston, Jamaica: Exile Publishing. 1997–1999. OCLC 47992728 – via WorldCat.
- ^ "GRAVE LOCATION FOR HOLDERS OF THE VICTORIA CROSS IN THE COUNTY OF : OXFORDSHIRE. Archived copy". VConline.org.uk. Archived from the original on 28 October 2004. Retrieved 28 October 2004.
- ^ List of Captain Sir Beachcroft Towse' Medals
- ^ Photo of Captain Sir Beachcroft Towse' Medals
- Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
- Victoria Crosses of the Anglo-Boer War (Ian Uys, 2000)