Ernogrammus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Stichaeidae, the pricklebacks or shannies.[2] These fishes are found in the North Pacific Ocean.
| Ernogrammus | |
|---|---|
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| Ernogrammus hexagrammus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Stichaeidae |
| Subfamily: | Stichaeinae |
| Genus: | Ernogrammus Jordan & Evermann, 1898 |
| Type species | |
| Stichaeus enneagrammus a synonym of Ernogrammus hexagrammus | |
Taxonomy
editErnogrammus was first proposed as a genus in 1898 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann with Stichaeus enneagrammus, which had been described by Rudolf Kner in 1868 from Decastris Bay on the Tatar Strait in the northern Sea of Japan, as the only species in this monotypic genus.[1] S. enneagrammus is now considered to be a junior synonym of Schlegel's Stichaeus hexagrammus.[3] This genus is classified within the subfamily Stichaeinae of the Zoarcoid family Stichaeidae.[4]
Species
editErnogrammus contains 3 species:[5]
- Ernogrammus hexagrammus (Schlegel, 1845) (Six-lined prickleback)
- Ernogrammus walkeri Follett & Powell, 1988 (Masked prickleback)
- Ernogrammus zhirmunskii Markevich & Kharin, 2011 (Seven-lined prickleback)
Etymology
editErnogrammus is a compound of ernos, meaning "branch", and grammus, which means "line", a reference to the branched lateral line which distinguishes this genus from Eumesogrammus.[6]
Characteritics
editErnogrammus pricklebacks have four lateral line canals on each side of the body which run through a series of rather elongate, bony tubules which resemble troughs, and at the tail end they have an extension which is diagonal running from the dorsal part of the body to the lower bod and ending in a pore.[7] The genus includes the smallest species in the subfamily, the seven-lined prickleback (Ernogrammus zhirmunskii) which has a maximum published standard length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in) while the six-lined prickleback has a maximum published total length of 15 cm (5.9 in) and the largest species is the masked prickleback which has a maximum published standard length of 28.8 cm (11.3 in).[5]
Distribution, habitat and biology
editErnogrammus pricklebacks are found in the northern North Pacific Ocean, south to California and Japan.[4] They are found in the littoral and sublittoral zones and they are nocturnal fishes hiding in rock crevices during the day.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Stichaeinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ Markevich, A.I. & Kharin, V.E. (2011). "A new species of prickleback Ernogrammus zhirmunskii (Acanthopterygii: Perciformes: Stichaeidae) from the Sea of Japan, Russia". Zootaxa. 2814: 59–66. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2814.1.5.}
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Ernogrammus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ a b Mecklenburg, C. W. and B. A. Sheiko (2004). "Family Stichaeidae Gill 1864 — pricklebacks" (PDF). California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes. 35.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Ernogrammus". FishBase. February 2022 version.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (4 July 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Families: Anarhichadidae, Neozoarcidae, Eulophias, Stichaeidae, Lumpenidae, Ophistocentridae, Pholidae, Ptilichthyidae, Zaproridae, Cryptacanthodidae, Cebidichthyidae, Scytalinidae and Bathymasteridae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
- ^ a b W. I. Follett and David C. Powell (1988). "Ernogrammus walkeri, a New Species of Prickleback (Pisces: Stichaeidae) from South-Central California". Copeia. 1988 (1): 135–152.