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Ernst Lissauer (16 December 1882 in Berlin – 10 December 1937 in Vienna) was a German-Jewish poet and dramatist remembered for the phrase Gott strafe England ("May God punish England"). He also created the Hassgesang gegen England, or "Song of Hate against England".[1]
Biography
editLissauer was "a round little man, a jolly face above a double double-chin, bubbling over with self-importance and exuberance," according to his friend Stefan Zweig.[2] He was a committed nationalist and a devotee of the Prussian tradition as well as an ambitious poet. Zweig said of him: "Germany was his world and the more Germanic anything was, the more it delighted him."[2] His devotion to German history, poetry, art and music was, in his own words, a monomania, and it only increased with the outbreak of World War I, when he penned his hate song. German Emperor Wilhelm II decorated him with the Order of the Red Eagle. Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria ordered it printed on leaflets and distributed to every soldier in the army.[3]
Despite his obvious zeal, Lissauer ended by pleasing no one. He came to be criticised by the vigorous anti-Semitic movement of the day for expressing such "fanatical hatred", which they considered "unreasonable", "utterly un-German", and "characteristic of nothing so much as the Jewish race".[citation needed] Houston Stewart Chamberlain declared that the Teutonic German did not "wallow in Old Testament hate."[citation needed] Over in England, Arthur Conan Doyle said in his book The German War: "This sort of thing is, it must be admitted, very painful and odious. It fills us with a mixture of pity and disgust, and we feel as if – instead of a man – we were really fighting with a furious, screaming woman."[4]
Lissauer himself came to regret writing the Hassgesang, refusing to allow it to be printed in school text books. After the war he said that his poem was born out of the mood of the times, and that he did not really mean it to be taken seriously. In 1926 he said that rather than writing a hymn of hate against England it would have been better if he written a hymn of love for Germany.
In every sense an unfortunate man, Lissauer spared no pains to balance two traditions, one Jewish and the other German, at a time when history was forcing them apart. The Third Reich's advent forced him to flee his native land for Austria. In 1936, then living in Vienna, he wrote: "To the Germans I am a Jew masked as a German; to the Jew a German faithless to Israel."[5]
References
edit- ^ Millington, Richard; Smith, Roger (15 June 2017). ""A Few Bars of the Hymn of Hate": The Reception of Ernst Lissauer's "Haßgesang gegen England" in German and English". Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature. 41 (2). doi:10.4148/2334-4415.1928. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ a b Zweig, Stefan (1964). The World of Yesterday. Translation first published 1943; original German: Die Welt von Gestern (1941). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 231.
- ^ Elon, Amos (2002). The Pity of It All. New York: Henry Holt. p. 324-325.
- ^ Doyle, Arthur Conan (1914). The German War. London; New York: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 89–90.
- ^ Posener, Alan (25 May 2014). "Der Überdeutsche". Die Welt. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
Further reading
edit- Elisabeth Albanis, German-Jewish Cultural Identity from 1900 to the Aftermath of the First World War: A Comparative Study of Moritz Goldstein, Julius Bab and Ernst Lissauer, Tübingen: Niemeyer, 2002. ISBN 978-3484651371
See also
editExternal links
edit- Ernst Lissauer's papers are at the Leo Baeck Institute