Ernst Wendler (April 24, 1890 - March 31, 1986) was a German diplomat and businessman. Wendler served as the ambassador of Nazi Germany to Bolivia from 1938 to 1941, and to Thailand from 1943 to 1945. He was also the Consul at the German Consulate-General in New Orleans, United States, from 1934 to 1936, and was succeeded by Edgar von Spiegel.[1] As ambassador to Bolivia, he engaged with pro-Nazi elements in the Bolivian government and was eventually expelled under President Enrique Peñaranda.
Ernst Wendler | |
|---|---|
 Ernst Wendler as the ambassador to Bolivia | |
| German Ambassador to Bolivia | |
| In office 1937 – July 22, 1941 | |
| German Ambassador to Thailand | |
| In office 1943–1945 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | April 24, 1890 Ulm, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire |
| Died | March 31, 1986 (aged 95) Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  German Empire |
| Branch/service |  Imperial German Army |
| Unit | Jagdstaffel 17 |
Early life and education
edit
Ernst Wendler was born on April 24, 1890, in Ulm within the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire. His parents were Eberhard Wendler (1864–1933), who was a textile manufacturer, and Wilhelmine Wendler (née Reinwald; 1865–1932). Wendler attended Friedrich-List-Gymnasium Reutlingen until 1907. He then began studying law at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, but ended up completing his law studies at the University of Giessen. In 1908, Wendler was recruited the Corps Suevia München.[2]
During World War I, Wendler served in the Luftstreitkräfte of the Imperial German army as part of the Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 17.[3]
Diplomatic career
editAmbassador to Bolivia
editDuring Wendler's time as ambassador, there were prominent parts of the Bolivian government that held pro-Nazi sympathies. On 9 April 1939, he was invited to a meeting with the President of Bolivia, Germán Busch, who requested from Wendler the "moral and material support' of Nazi Germany and other anti-Comintern nations in order "to establish order and authority in the state through a complete change in the system and the transition to a totalitarian state form." Busch asked that this be done by Germany providing advisors to his government. Wendler was quite interested in Busch's proposal and subsequently on April 18 sent cables to Berlin which included additional plans for economic collaboration and the formation of an anti-Comintern group composed of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Before the Nazi Foreign Office in Berlin replied to Wendler, they sent him a message on April 13 telling him to be reserved and to end giving advice to the Bolivian government. The Foreign Office then replied on April 22 saying that, "it would not be in the interests of the President himself nor in the interest of good relations between our two countries if the introduction of a change in the system and the transition to a totalitarian form of government could be linked in any way with German support. The German government wishes to avoid any conspicuous measures, such as the sending of a staff of advisors before any such change had taken place." State Secretary at the Foreign Office Ernst von Weizsäcker also called on Wendler to avoid any rift between Germany and Busch's government, and that German advisors could be considered later. He also suggested that Wendler make it clear that the Foreign Office didn't speak for the other anti-Comintern nations, and that any future cables on the matter not be addressed to Adolf Hitler.[4] Despite this, Busch declared totalitarian rule on 24 April 1939.[5]
A new Bolivian government led by Enrique Peñaranda succeeded Busch and declared a state of siege in the nation on July 24, 1941. This was due to the discovering of a letter allegedly sent from Major Elias Belmonte, who was the Bolivian military attaché in Berlin, to Wendler in La Paz which declared that "the time is approaching to carry out our coup to liberate my poor country from a weak government of completely capitalist inclinations." It had been presented to Ostria Gutiérrez, the Foreign Minister of Bolivia, by Douglas Jenkins, the American ambassador to Bolivia.[6] The authenticity of the letter is debatable, with Wendler saying that "the charges against the legation are pure fabrications."[4] He was subsequently declared by the Bolivian government as a persona non grata, and expelled to Antofagasta, Chile on July 22.[7][8]
Ambassador to Thailand
editWendler served as the German ambassador to Thailand from 1943 to 1945 during World War II. As ambassador, he made communicated with other Nazi officials stationed in Asia, such as Wendler travelling to Shanghai on 1 December 1941.[9] He also attended the opening of the Bangkok Conference on 22 June 1942.[10] The conference saw the formation of the pro-Japanese All-India Independence league and Bangkok resolutions.[11]
References
edit- ^ Taylor, Kate (2021-08-06). "Nazis, Intimidation, and Espionage: How a St. Charles Mansion Became Part of a WWII Conspiracy". Very Local. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
- ^ Gerlach, Otto (1960). Kösener Corpslisten 1960 (in German). Selbstverl. d. Verbandes Alter Corpsstudenten.
- ^ "Jagdstaffel 17 (Jasta 17)". www.frontflieger.de. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
- ^ a b Blasier, Cole (1973). The United States, Germany, and the Bolivian Revolutionaries (1941-1946. University of Pittsburgh] Center for Latin American Studies.
- ^ "Totalitarian Rule Decreed In Bolivia By President, 35 | Busch Assumes Dictatorial Powers, Doing Away With Congress and Basic Law". The New York Times. 1939-04-25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
- ^ Gutiérrez, Alberto Ostria (1944). Una revolución tras los Andes (in Spanish). Editorial Nascimento.
- ^ "Daily Illini 22 July 1941 — Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections". idnc.library.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (1941-07-24). "BOLIVIA REVEALS EVIDENCE ON PLOT; Discloses Letter Reported Written to Nazi Envoy by Military Attache in Berlin". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
- ^ "Nelson Evening Mail, Volume 76, 2 December 1941, Page 5". Paper Past. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
- ^ Kratoska 2002, p. 175
- ^ Green 1948, p. 61