Ethel Sawyer Adolphe is a civil rights activist and sociology professor. She is known for her role in the Sit-in movement and contributions to the Sociology of Black Americans.
Tougaloo Nine
editOn March 27, 1961, Ethel Sawyer was arrested for participating in a sit-in at the Jackson Public library in what would be called the Tougaloo Nine. She was mentored along with eight other Tougaloo College students by NAACP organizer Medgar Evers and trained to sustain provocation.[1] The action led to desegregating the library in 1962 and was among the earliest desegregation victories in Mississippi.[2]
Sociology
editIn 1964, as a graduate student in the former Sociology department at Washington University in St. Louis, Sawyer studied a group of Black lesbians who congregated at a bar in The Ville, St. Louis.[3] She initially met members of the group when collecting research at the Pruitt–Igoe housing complex.[4] Her resulting MA thesis "A Study of a Public Lesbian Community" was the first known sociological study of an African American lesbian community in the United States.[5]
Sawyer started her career at St. Louis Community College–Forest Park as assistant professor of sociology in 1971. She became chair of the sociology department in 1974, promoted to associate professor in 1975, and was appointed to associate dean in 1978. Sawyer filed a discrimination complaint following an attempt by the Dean of Instruction to remove her from administrative position.[6]
Personal life
editSawyer was born in Mississippi and grew up in Memphis, Tennessee. Her father worked a freight handler for Union Pacific Railroad, and she was the first member of her family to attend college.[4] She was married in 1971 in St. Louis, with classmates from Tougaloo College in attendance.[7]
In 2018, she was honored as a Tougaloo College Influencer.[8]
In 2023, St. Louis Board of Aldermen approved a resolution from Shameem Clark Hubbard honoring Ms. Ethel Sawyer for contributions to civil rights and her community.[9]
References
edit- ^ Barfield Berry, Deborah (2021-10-04). "They held a 'read-in' at a whites-only library in 1961 and helped end segregation. Meet the Tougaloo Nine". USA Today. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ Momodu, Samuel (2019-10-07). "The Tougaloo Nine (1961)". Black Past. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "Bill's Bar & Zebra Lounge". Mapping LGBTQ STL. 2023-05-02. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ a b Chenier, Elise (February 10, 2016). "Neither Sin Nor Civil Rights: Ethel Sawyer's Study of a Lesbian Community". Elise Chenier. Archived from the original on 8 Apr 2017.
- ^ Brawley, Stephen (October 9, 2016). "A Look at a Black Lesbian Community in 1960s St. Louis: Ethel Sawyer's Pioneering Sociological Research". www.stlouislgbthistory.com. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "Ethel Sawyer Adolphe, Appellant, v. St. Louis Community College, John Roedel, Jr., Claude Brown,kenneth Carroll, Martin Corcoran, Donald Witte, and Michellewalter, As Members of the Board of Trustees of St. Louiscommunity College, Appellees, 753 F.2d 687 (8th Cir. 1985)". Justia Law. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "'You could be killed any minute': Civil rights veterans share horrors of battling white supremacy". USA Today. 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "Tougaloo Influencers". Tougaloo College Alumni. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ "Resolution Number 226 | Session 2022-2023". stlouis-mo.gov. April 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
External links
edit- "A Study of a Public Lesbian Life" MA thesis, Washington University, 1965